使用工具軟體(例如，Fritzing ，VBB和123D Circuits)，設計和紀錄
麵包板電路已經成為創作者或其他人的常用作法，這些工具被沒有大量電子知識背景的人使用。但是很多現有的工具，需要使用者手動添加和連接電子組件，這可能容易出錯且耗時。常見的硬件錯誤，例如缺少組件(例如，使用LED時不連接電阻器)或錯誤接線，也會在虛擬世界中發生，並且可能導致用戶花費大量時間和精力進行調試。
我們提出了一個autocomplete自動完成的概念，常見於網絡搜索，文本編輯和編程，以構建虛擬麵包板電路。透過autocomplete工具軟體的原型， 此工具可以自動完成虛擬麵包板電路的設計和開發，當使用者使用我們的 系統插入組件到虛擬麵包板，並會自動為使用者推薦建議的組件列表，這些推薦會完成或擴展插入組件的電子功能，以節少使用者完成電路的時間或錯誤。
為了證明autocomplete的有效性，我們在Fritzing上實現了我們的系統， Fritzing是一種流行的開源麵包板電路原型設計軟體，我們的autocomplete推薦是基於Fritzing標準組件之數據表實作接線，以及Fritzing社群裡4000多筆電路計畫中組件的使用方式，我們將會紀錄16名受測者的實驗結果，評估autocomplete在創建虛擬麵包板電路中的有效性，並通過分享未來研究的見解和方向得出結論。

We propose autocomplete for the design and development of virtual breadboard circuits using software prototyping tools. With our system, a user inserts a component into the virtual breadboard, and it automatically provides a user with a list of suggested components. These suggestions complete or extend the electronic functionality of the inserted component to save the user’s time and reduce circuit error. To demonstrate the effectiveness of autocomplete, we implemented our system on Fritzing, a popular open source breadboard circuit prototyping software, used by novice makers. Our autocomplete suggestions were implemented based upon schematics from datasheets for standard components, as well as how components are used together from over 4000 circuit projects from the Fritzing community. We report the results of a controlled study with 16 participants, evaluating the effectiveness of autocomplete in the creation of virtual breadboard circuits, and conclude by sharing insights and directions for future research.

[1] 2017. Altium Designer 17 Overview. altium- designer/
http://www.altium.com/
[2] 2017. Autodesk Circuits. https://circuits.io/
[3] 2017. Digilent Electronics Explorer. https://store.digilentinc.com/
electronics- explorer- all- in- one- usb- oscilloscope- multimeter- workstation/
[4] 2017. EAGLE PCB Design and Schematic Software.
[5] 2018. Arduino. http://arduino.cc
[6] 2018. Arduino Blink Example. https://www.arduino.cc/en/tutorial/
blink
[7] 2018. Arduino Project Hub. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub
[8] 2018. Circuito. https://www.circuito.io
[9] 2018. EDASolver. http://edasolver.com
[10] 2018. Fritzing Project Hub. http://fritzing.org/projects/ 4.
[11] 2018. Fritzing Software. http://fritzing.org/home/
[12] 2018. Guitar Speed Pick and Stomp Pedal.
[13] 2018. LCD Thermometer. ref=search&ref_id=lm35&offset=1
[14] 2018. Mixing color lamp.
[15] 2018. Morse Code Communication Using Arduino.
[16] 2018. National Instruments Multisim. http://www.ni.com/multisim/ [17] 2018. VirtualBreadboard. http://www.virtualbreadboard.com/
[18] Serge Abiteboul, Yael Amsterdamer, Tova Milo, and Pierre Senellart.
2012. Auto-completion learning for XML. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. ACM, 669–672.
[19] Fraser Anderson, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2017. Trigger-Action-Circuits: Leveraging Generative Design to Enable Novices to Design and Build Circuitry. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 331–342.
[20] Holger Bast and Ingmar Weber. 2006. When you’re lost for words: Faceted search with autocompletion. In SIGIR, Vol. 6. 31–35.
[21] Olivier Bau and Wendy E Mackay. 2008. OctoPocus: a dynamic guide for learning gesture-based command sets. In Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology. ACM, 37–46.
[22] Mike Bennett, Kevin McCarthy, Sile O’modhrain, and Barry Smyth. 2011. Simpleflow: enhancing gestural interaction with gesture prediction, abbreviation and autocompletion. In IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, 591–608.
[23] Tracey Booth, Simone Stumpf, Jon Bird, and Sara Jones. 2016. Crossed wires: Investigating the problems of end-user developers in a physical computing task. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 3485–3497.
[24] Fei Cai, Maarten De Rijke, et al. 2016. A survey of query auto-completion in information retrieval. Foundations and Trends® in Information Retrieval 10, 4 (2016), 273–363.
[25] Daniel Drew, Julie L Newcomb, William McGrath, Filip Maksimovic, David Mellis, and Björn Hartmann. 2016. The Toastboard: Ubiquitous Instrumentation and Automated Checking of Breadboarded Circuits. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 677–686.
[26] Stephen R Foster, William G Griswold, and Sorin Lerner. 2012. Witch- Doctor: IDE support for real-time auto-completion of refactorings. In Software Engineering (ICSE), 2012 34th International Conference on. IEEE, 222–232.
[27] Darío Garigliotti and Krisztian Balog. 2017. Generating query suggestions to support task-based search. arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.08289 (2017).
[28] Saul Greenberg and Chester Fitchett. 2001. Phidgets: easy development of physical interfaces through physical widgets. In Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology. ACM, 209–218.
[29]James Hays and Alexei A Efros. 2007. Scene completion using millions of photographs. In ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Vol. 26. ACM,4.
[30] Will Hill, Larry Stead, Mark Rosenstein, and George Furnas. 1995. Recommending and evaluating choices in a virtual community of use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 194–201.
[31] Steve Hodges, Nicolas Villar, Nicholas Chen, Tushar Chugh, Jie Qi, Diana Nowacka, and Yoshihiro Kawahara. 2014. Circuit stickers: peel-and-stick construction of interactive electronic prototypes. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1743–1746.
[32] Kajta Hofmann, Bhaskar Mitra, Filip Radlinski, and Milad Shokouhi. 2014. An eye-tracking study of user interactions with query auto-completion. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. ACM, 549–
558.
[33] Eero Hyvönen and Eetu Mäkelä. 2006. Semantic autocompletion. In
Asian Semantic Web Conference. Springer, 739–751.
[34] Takeo Igarashi and John F Hughes. 2001. A suggestive interface for 3D drawing. In Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User
interface software and technology. ACM, 173–181.
[35] Yoshihiro Kawahara, Steve Hodges, Benjamin S Cook, Cheng Zhang,
and Gregory D Abowd. 2013. Instant inkjet circuits: lab-based inkjet printing to support rapid prototyping of UbiComp devices. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international joint conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing. ACM, 363–372.
[36] André Knörig, Reto Wettach, and Jonathan Cohen. 2009. Fritzing: a tool for advancing electronic prototyping for designers. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Tangible and Embedded Interaction. ACM, 351–358.
[37] David Koop, Carlos E Scheidegger, Steven P Callahan, Juliana Freire, and Cláudio T Silva. 2008. Viscomplete: Automating suggestions for visualization pipelines. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 14, 6 (2008), 1691–1698.
[38] Jean-François Lalonde, Derek Hoiem, Alexei A Efros, Carsten Rother, John Winn, and Antonio Criminisi. 2007. Photo clip art. ACM transactions on graphics (TOG) 26, 3 (2007), 3.
[39] Justin Matejka, Wei Li, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2009. CommunityCommands: command recommendations for software applications. In Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology. ACM, 193–202.
[40] Will McGrath, Daniel Drew, Jeremy Warner, Majeed Kazemitabaar, Mitchell Karchemsky, David Mellis, and Björn Hartmann. 2017. Bifröst: Visualizing and Checking Behavior of Embedded Systems across Hardware and Software. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 299–310.
[41] David A Mellis, Leah Buechley, Mitchel Resnick, and Björn Hartmann. 2016. Engaging amateurs in the design, fabrication, and assembly of electronic devices. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. ACM, 1270–1281.
[42] Kyle I Murray and Jeffrey P Bigham. 2011. Beyond autocomplete: Automatic function definition. In Visual Languages and Human-Centric
Computing (VL/HCC), 2011 IEEE Symposium on. IEEE, 259–260.
[43] Sam Seifert. 2016. Autocomplete Sketch Tool. (2016).
[44] Christian Sengstock and Michael Gertz. 2011. CONQUER: a system for
efficient context-aware query suggestions. In Proceedings of the 20th
international conference companion on World wide web. ACM, 265–268. [45] Evan Strasnick, Maneesh Agrawala, and Sean Follmer. 2017. Scana- log: Interactive Design and Debugging of Analog Circuits with Pro- grammable Hardware. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Sympo-
sium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 321–330.
[46] Steve Tsang, Ravin Balakrishnan, Karan Singh, and Abhishek Ran- jan. 2004. A suggestive interface for image guided 3D sketching. In
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing
Systems. ACM, 591–598.
[47] Nicolas Villar, James Scott, Steve Hodges, Kerry Hammil, and Colin
Miller. 2012. . NET gadgeteer: a platform for custom devices. In Inter-
national Conference on Pervasive Computing. Springer, 216–233.
[48] Chiuan Wang, Hsuan-Ming Yeh, Bryan Wang, Te-Yen Wu, Hsin-Ruey Tsai, Rong-Hao Liang, Yi-Ping Hung, and Mike Y Chen. 2016. Cir- cuitStack: supporting rapid prototyping and evolution of electronic circuits. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface
Software and Technology. ACM, 687–695.
[49] David Ward, Jim Hahn, and Kirsten Feist. 2012. Autocomplete as
research tool: A study on providing search suggestions. Information
Technology and Libraries 31, 4 (2012), 6–19.
[50] Te-Yen Wu, Hao-Ping Shen, Yu-Chian Wu, Yu-An Chen, Pin-Sung
Ku, Ming-Wei Hsu, Jun-You Liu, Yu-Chih Lin, and Mike Y Chen. 2017. CurrentViz: Sensing and Visualizing Electric Current Flows of Bread- boarded Circuits. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 343–349.
[51] Te-Yen Wu, Bryan Wang, Jiun-Yu Lee, Hao-Ping Shen, Yu-Chian Wu, Yu-An Chen, Pin-sung Ku, Ming-Wei Hsu, Yu-Chih Lin, and Mike Y Chen. 2017. CircuitSense: Automatic Sensing of Physical Circuits and Generation of Virtual Circuits to Support Software Tools.. In Proceed- ings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, 311–319.
[52] Jun Xing, Li-Yi Wei, Takaaki Shiratori, and Koji Yatani. 2015. Autocom- plete hand-drawn animations. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 34, 6 (2015), 169.