局部放電技術是檢測絕緣狀態的有效方法，且已廣泛的應用於高壓電力設備，因此若能結合局部放電量測與信號分析，即時掌握設備的絕緣狀態，能避免設備無預警故障，可提升供電品質的穩定度。
本論文旨在建立多功能局部放電分析儀，首先研究局部放電檢測方法，選擇高頻電流感測器量測局部放電信號，實驗標的物以桿上型氣體絕緣開關為例，參考IEC 62271-203建議的加壓程序進行局部放電檢測。本研究建立之局部放電分析儀能接收多種不同感測器的電壓量測信號，設計局部放電信號即時檢測的人機介面，分析儀提供軟體濾波、傅立葉分析、局部放電三維圖譜轉換、經驗模式分解與希爾伯特能量圖譜轉換。本研究應用分形理論及能量統計法從圖譜中擷取相關特徵，最後應用可拓理論於氣體絕緣開關瑕疵辨識系統。
本文研究核心為以較低的成本建構一台多功能局部放電分析儀，此分析儀軟硬體擴充性大，能對高壓電力設備進行局部放電量測，分析儀方便攜帶，適合戶外高壓設備局部放電檢測，儀器為工業用等級，可在常溫下長時間操作，局部放電分析儀提供遠端監控功能，能透過網路對現場設備進行長時間的監控。

Partial discharge (PD) technology is a useful insulation diagnosis method that has been widely applied to high voltage power equipment. Thus, integrating PD measurement with signal analysis facilitates identification of the equipment’s insulation status, which prevents the equipment from failing without warning, and improves the stability of power supply quality.
In this dissertation, a multifunction PD analyzer is developed. First, the methods used to measurement PD signal were examined and a high frequency current transformer was employed to measure the PD signals. A pole-type gas insulated switchgear (GIS) was selected as the experimental model. Subsequently, PD tests were conducted on the target by using the pressurization process proposed by IEC 62271-203 standard. The PD analyzer developed in this study can receive the voltage signals of difference sensors. A man-machine interface was further designed for real-time measurement of the PD signals. The analyzer offers various functions, such as software filtering, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis, 3D PD pattern transform, empirical mode decomposition, and Hilbert energy spectrum transform. Furthermore, this study adopted fractal theory and statistical energy analysis to extract relevant features from the various spectra. Finally, extension theory was applied in the defect identification system of the GIS.
This study arms to develop an inexpensive multifunction PD analyzer with considerable software and hardware scalability that could perform PD-testing on high voltage electrical equipment. This analyzer is portable and suitable for conducting PD measurement on outdoor high voltage equipment. In addition, the analyzer is commercial grade and can be operated at room temperature for extensive periods. The analyzer also enables remote monitoring, allowing for the long-term monitoring of on-site equipment measurement through the Internet.

[1] IEEE substation committee working group K4, “Partial discharge testing of gas insulated substations,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 499-506, 1992.
[2] J. Y. Koo, S. Y. Jung, C. H. Ryu, S. W. Lee, and B. W. Lee, “Identification of insulation defects in gas-insulated switchgear by chaotic analysis of partial discharge,” IET Science, Measurement and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 115-124, 2010.
[3] N. G. Boulaxis and M. P. Papadopoulos, “Optimal feeder routing in distribution system planning using dynamic programming technique and GIS facilities,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 242-247, 2002.
[4] T. Sakakibara, T. Nakajima, S. Maruyama, S. Wakabayashi, and S. Nagaoka, “Development of GIS fault location system using pressure wave sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 371-377, 1999.
[5] J. Tang, W. Li, and Y. Liu, “Blind source separation of mixed PD signals produced by multiple insulation defects in GIS,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 170-176, 2010.
[6] E. Gulski, J. J. Smit, and F. J. Wester, “PD knowledge rules for insulation condition assessment of distribution power cables,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 223-239, 2005.
[7] “High voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurement,” IEC 60270, 2001.
[8] R. Bartnikas and K. Srivastava, “Power and communication cables: theory and applications, Chapter 9: Dissipation factor, partial discharge, and electrical aging tests on power cables,” Wiley-IEEE Press eBook Chapters, pp. 331-462, 2000.
[9] “High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV,” IEC 62271-203, 2003.
[10] J. N. Yang, Y. Lei, S. Lin, and N. E. Huang, “Hilbert–Huang based approach for structural damage detection,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 130, No. 1, pp. 85-95, 2004.
[11] S. Meijer, E. Gulski, and J. J. Smit, “Pattern analysis of partial discharges in SF6 GIS,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 830-842, 1998.
[12] Y. Tian, P. L. Lewin, A. E. Davies, S. J. Sutton, and S. G. Swingler, “Partial discharge detection in cables using VHF capacitive couplers,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 343-353, 2003.
[13] 張建國，「高電壓地下電纜接頭絕緣狀態之監測與診斷系統之研製」，博士論文，國立台灣科技大學，2012年。
[14] M. Ren, M. Dong, Z. Ren, H. D. Peng , and A. C. Qiu, “Transient earth voltage measurement in PD detection of artificial defect models in SF6,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 2002-2008, 2012.
[15] J. Zhu, L. Yang, J. Jia, and Q. Zhang, “The design of Rogowski coil with wide band using for partial discharge measurements,” IEEE Proceedings of 2005 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM 2005), Vol. 2, Kitakyushu, Japan, June 5-9, 2005, pp. 518-521.
[16] Z. Xu ; J. Tang, and C. Sun, “Application of complex wavelet transform to suppress white noise in GIS UHF PD signals,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 1498-1504, 2007.
[17] S. Tenbohlen, D. Denissov, S. M. Hoek, and S. M. Markalous, “Partial discharge measurement in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 1544-1552, 2008.
[18] T. Ito, M. Kamei, G. Ueta, and S. Okabe, “Improving the sensitivity verification method of the UHF PD detection technique for GIS,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 1847-1853, 2011.
[19] L. E. Lundgaard, “Particles in GIS characterization from acoustic signatures,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 1064-1074, 2001.
[20] T. Boczar and D. Zmarzly, “Application of wavelet analysis to acoustic emission pulses generated by partial discharges,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 433-449, 2004.
[21] T. Boczar, “Identification of a specific type of PD from acoustic emission frequency spectra,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 598-606, 2001.
[22] X. Wang, B. Li, H. T. Roman, O. L. Russo, K. Chin, and K. R. Farmer, “Acousto-optical PD detection for transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1068-1073, 2006.
[23] S. Kobayashi, A. Horide, I. Takagi, M. Higaki, G. Takahashi, E. Mori, and T. Yamagiwa, “Development and field test evaluation of optical current and voltage transformers for gas insulated switchgear,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 815-821, 1992.
[24] T. Sawa, K. Kurosawa, T. Kaminishi, and T. Yokota, “Development of optical instrument transformers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 884-891, 1990.
[25] J. S. Pearson, O. Farish, B. F. Hampton, M. D. Judd, D. Templeton, B. M. Pryor, and I. M. Welch, “Partial discharge diagnostics for gas insulated substations,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 893-905, 1995.
[26] S. Okabe, S. Kaneko, T. Minagawa, and C. Nishida, “Detecting characteristics of SF6 decomposed gas sensor for insulation diagnosis on gas insulated switchgears,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 251-258, 2008.
[27] W. Ding, K. Ochi, J. Suehiro, K. Imasaka, R. Hayashi, and M. Hara, “Factors affecting PD detection in GIS using a carbon nanotube gas sensor,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 718-725, 2007.
[28] R. N. Wu and C. K. Chang, “The use of partial discharges as an online monitoring system for underground cable joints,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 1585-1591, 2011.
[29] X. Zhang, Z. Xu, Q. Zhou, J. Tang, and C. Sun, “Design of microstrip bandpass filter used for PD UHF detecting in GIS,” IEEE Proceedings of 2005 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM 2005), Vol. 2, Kitakyushu, Japan, June 5-9, 2005, pp. 502-505.
[30] C. S. Chang, J. Jin, C. Chang, T. Hoshino, M. Hanai, and N. Kobayashi, “Separation of corona using wavelet packet transform and neural network for detection of partial discharge in gas-insulated substations,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 1363-1369, 2005.
[31] N. E. Huang, Z. Shen, and S. R. Long, “A new review of nonlinear water waves: The Hilbert spectrum,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 31, pp. 417-457, 1999.
[32] F. C. Gu, H. C. Chang, F. H. Chen, C. C. Kuo, and C. H. Hsu, “Application of the Hilbert–Huang transform with fractal feature enhancement on partial discharge recognition of power cable joints,” IET Science, Measurement and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 440-448, 2012.
[33] J. Li, C. Sun, and S. Grzybowski, “Partial discharge image recognition influenced by fractal image compression,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 496-504, 2008.
[34] E. Gulski, “Digital analysis of partial discharges,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 822-837, 1995.
[35] H. C. Chang, F. C. Gu, and C. C. Kuo, “Application Hilbert–Huang transform on partial discharge pattern recognition of gas-insulated switchgear,” IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC 2012), San Diego, USA, June 3-7, 2012, pp. 165-168.
[36] E. Gulski and A. Krivda, “Neural networks as a tool for recognition of partial discharges,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 984-1001, 1993.
[37] A. Contin, A. Cavallini, G. C. Montanari, G. Pasini, and F. Puletti, “Digital detection and fuzzy classification of partial discharge signals,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 335-348, 2002.
[38] L. Hao and P. L. Lewin, “Partial discharge source discrimination using a support vector machine,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 189-197, 2010.
[39] W. Cai, “The extension set and incompatibility problem,” Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 1, pp. 81-93, 1983.
[40] R. Baumgartner, B. Fruth, W. Lanz, and K. Pettersson, “Partial discharge – Part X: PD in gas-insulated substations-measurement and practical considerations,” IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 8, No.1, pp. 16-27, 1992.
[41] N. E. Huang, Z. Shen, S. R. Long, M. C. Wu, H. H. Shih, Q. Zheng, N. C. Yen, C. C. Tung, and H. H. Liu, “The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis,” Proceedings of the Royal Society. A Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 454, No. 1971, pp. 903-995, 1998.
[42] J. A. Antonino-Daviu, M. Riera-Guasp, M. Pineda-Sanchez, and R. B. Perez, “A critical comparison between DWT and Hilbert–Huang-based methods for the diagnosis of rotor bar failures in induction machines,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 1794-1803, 2009.
[43] X. Wang, B. Li, Z. Liu, H. T. Roman, O. L. Russo, K. K. Chin, and K. R. Farmer, “Analysis of partial discharge signal using the Hilbert–Huang transform,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1063-1067, 2006.
[44] 許朝翔，「應用局部放電技術於交鏈聚乙烯電力電纜接續匣之瑕疵辨識」，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學，2011年。
[45] B. B. Mandelbrot, The fractal geometry of nature, New York: Freeman, 1983.
[46] K. Falconer, Fractal geometry: Mathematical foundations and application, Wiley, 1990.
[47] B. B. Chaudhuri and N. Sarkar, “An efficient approach to compute fractal dimension in texture image,” Proceedings of 11th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Hague, August 30- September 3, 1992, pp. 358-361.
[48] L. Satish and W. S. Zaengl, “Can fractal features be used for recognizing 3-d partial discharge patterns,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 352-359, 1995.
[49] 古峰昌，「XLPE電力電纜局部放電量測與瑕疵模式辨識」，碩士論文，國立勤益科技大學，2009年。
[50] H. C. Chang, F. C. Gu, H. C. Chen, and C. C. Kuo, “Partial discharge measurement and pattern recognition in gas insulated switchgear,” 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning (APL 2011), Chengdu, China, November 1-4, 2011, pp. 459-462.
[51] T. Boczar, S. Borucki, A. Cichon, and D. Zmarzly, “Application possibilities of artificial neural networks for recognizing partial discharges measured by the acoustic emission method,” IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 214-223, 2009.
[52] 許晉維，「應用類神經網路於比流器局部放電圖譜之辨識」，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學，2003年。
[53] S. Kartalopoulos, “Understanding neural networks and fuzzy logic: Basic concepts and applications, Chapter 2: Artificial neural networks: Concepts,” Wiley-IEEE Press eBook Chapters, pp. 37-60, 1996.
[54] J. Deller, J. Hansen, and J. Proakis, “Discrete-time processing of speech signals, Chapter 14: The artificial neural network,” Wiley-IEEE Press eBook Chapters, pp. 805-849, 2000.
[55] 蔡文，“可拓集合和不相容問題”，科學探索，第3卷，第1期，第2-16頁，2004年。
[56] 蔡文、楊春燕、林偉初，「可拓工程方法」，第1版，全華科技圖書股份有限公司，台北，2001年。
[57] F. C. Gu, H. C. Chang, F. H. Chen, and C. C. Kuo, “Partial discharge pattern recognition of power cable joints using extension method with fractal feature enhancement,” Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 2804-2812, 2012.
[58] M. H. Wang and C. Y. Ho, “Application of extension theory to PD pattern recognition in high-voltage current transformers,” IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 1939-1946, July 2005.
[59] M. Schetzen, “Linear time-invariant systems, Chapter 5: The Fourier transform,” Wiley-IEEE Press eBook Chapters, pp. 133-147, 2003.
[60] National Instrument, “NI PXI-5105, 60 MS/s, 12-bit, 8-channel digitizer /oscilloscope,” June 2013.
http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/203023.
[61] National Instrument, “NI PXI-8115, Intel core i5-2510E, dual-core PXI controller,” June 2013.
http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/210273.
[62] National Instrument, “NI PXIe-1062Q, 8-slot, 3U PXI express chassis with AC - up to 3 GB/s,” June 2013.
http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/202664.
[63] National Instrument, “NI PMA-1115, Portable PXI LCD monitor and keyboard accessory,” June 2013.
http://sine.ni.com/nips/cds/view/p/lang/en/nid/204583.
[64] 蕭子健，「虛擬儀控程式設計LabVIEW 8X」，高立圖書股份有限公司，台北，2009年。
[65] 陳瓊興，「LabVIEW 8.X與感測電路應用」，台科大圖書股份有限公司，台北，2010年。
[66] 鄭錦聰，「MATLAB程式設計」，全華圖書股份有限公司，台北，2012年。