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研究生： 毛娟敏
Michelle Mimosa
論文名稱： 建築的民族風格對於印尼泗水中國城商店建築立面的影響之研究
STUDY OF THE ETHNIC ARCHITECTURAL STYLES INFLUENCE ON THE FAÇADE OF CHINATOWN SHOPHOUSES IN SURABAYA, INDONESIA
指導教授： 李威儀
Wei-I Lee
口試委員: 白仁德
Bai, Ren De
施植明
Shih, Chih Ming
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 設計學院 - 建築系
Department of Architecture
論文出版年： 2017
畢業學年度： 105
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 99
中文關鍵詞： 店鋪住宅 、立面 、中國城 、泗水 、民族 、殖民 、爪哇
外文關鍵詞： shophouse, façade, chinatown, surabaya, ethnic, colonial, Javanese
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  •  上一筆

    • 印尼在荷蘭殖民時代推動「Wijkenstelsel」(種族隔離制度)的期間，由荷蘭統治當局將當時住在印尼的人分為在地原住民、歐洲人、阿拉伯人和華人，並分別依照不同種族而隔離居住於各自的領域內，也就是一般被稱作「kamp」的地方。其中，華人的居住區被稱作「Chinese kamp」，位於印尼泗水Kalimas河的東側。由於中國城地區(Chinatown Area)當地的高密度發展，「店鋪住宅」(shophouse)成為一個解決這問題的方法。一樓作為商業(店鋪)空間，一樓以上的樓層則作為居住空間。而整體來看，在泗水中國城的店舖住宅之建築特徵，不僅受到中國建築風格的影響，也受到荷蘭殖民風格、在地原住民風格的影響。
    因此，本研究之主要目的為，對泗水中國城當地的店舖住宅之建築立面進行觀察與分析，以指認其個別受到何種建築上的民族風格影響。本研究透過攝影與測量來蒐集建築物立面的資料，並將這些資料數據化，以進行進一步的分析。經過篩選，本研究將當地其中35棟作為分析案例，對這些案例的立面元素進行分類，而歸納至三種民族風格內(分別是荷蘭殖民風格、中國風格和爪哇風格等三種建築風格)。接著，每個建築元素根據其所屬類別而標示不同顏色，使其在資料中個別案例的立面上呈現差異，以更能了解其立面的特徵。
    本研究最終發現，部分店鋪住宅的建築立面受到不同的民族風格所影響，有些甚至結合了上述三種風格。在35個案例中，有12個案例受到了荷蘭殖民風格、中國風格和爪哇風格等三種建築風格的影響。其中可明顯辨認的部分，例如荷蘭殖民風格可以在柱子和欄杆等地方被發現，而中國風格則常呈現在其拱形屋頂上。透過本研究的發現，希望能對於泗水中國城當地的保存維護提供相關資料。

    During the Wijkenstelsel period, Dutch separated the area for indigenous people, European, Arabian, and Chinese people into their own districts or so called “Kamp”. Chinese dwelling district called “Chinese Kamp” and located on east side of Kalimas river. Because of Chinatown high density, shophouses became a solution to solve this problem, the first floor used as business (shop) area, and floors above used as dwelling area. Shophouses in Surabaya Chinatown characteristic has been influenced not only by Chinese architecture styles, but also by Dutch colonial architecture and indigenous architecture style as well.
    The main objective of this study is to conduct an observation and analysis of shophouses’ façade and which ethnic architectural styles influenced them. This study collect data of building elevation by photograph and measurement, then digitalized individual shophouses elevation image to conduct further analysis. This study analyzes 35 samples, then categorized facade’s elements into three type of ethnic styles (colonial, Chinese and Javanese architectural style). Hereafter, each of building elevation image were given color in accordance with each ethnic styles, to give better understanding about façade characteristic.
    The findings in this study show that some of the shophouses’ façade were the combination of three ethnic styles. From 35 building samples, 12 of the samples façades are influenced by colonial,chinese, and Javanese architecture styles. The distinct characteristic of colonial style is seen from column and balustrade, while Chinese character mostly seen on arched roof. From this study, it is hope that the results can be used as informative input to Chinatown area preservation.

    ABSTRACT 摘要 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLE CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEMS 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 1.4 RESEARCH SCOPE 1.5 RESEARCH LIMITATION 1.6 RESEARCH STEPS CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 SURABAYA CITY OVERVIEW 2.1.1 Surabaya city background 2.1.2 Surabaya city history 2.1.3 Wijkenstensel policy 2.2 HISTORY OF CHINESE ARRIVAL IN SURABAYA 2.2.1 First period (13th century to 17th century), before Dutch arrival 2.2.2 Second period (18th century to 19th century) 2.2.3 Third period (20th century to 1940) 2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF CHINATOWN IN SURABAYA 2.3.1 First phase (before 18th century) 2.3.2 Second phase (18th to 19th century) 2.3.3 Third phase (early 20th century) 2.4 ARCHITECTURE OF SURABAYA CHINATOWN 2.4.1 Type of architecture in Surabaya’s chinatown 2.4.2 Chinese shophouses in Surabaya 2.4.3 Surabaya’s Chinatown architecture development 2.5 ETHNIC ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERISTIC 2.5.1 Chinese architecture 2.5.2 Colonial architecture (Indische Empire) 2.5.3 Javanese architecture CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 DATA COLLECTION 3.1.1 Primary Data 3.1.2 Secondary Data 3.2 ANALYTICAL METHOD 3.3 CASES SELECTION CRITERIA CHAPTER 4 : CASE STUDIES AND ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION OF CASE STUDIES AREA (KEMBANG JEPUN AREA) 4.2 SELECTED CASE STUDIES’ DATA 4.3 ETHNIC INFLUENCE ON SHOPHOUSE’ FAÇADE ELEMENT 4.3.1 Column 4.3.2 Door 4.3.3 Window 4.3.4 Roof 4.3.5 Cornice 4.3.6 Balustrade 4.3.7 Gable 4.4 FAÇADE ELEMENT CATEGORIZATION 4.5 ETHNIC’S STYLES INFLUENCE ON FAÇADE ELEMENTS 4.5.1 Image analysis on building elevation drawing 4.5.2 Shophouses façade influenced by colonial 4.5.3 Shophouses façade influenced by colonial and Chinese style 4.5.4 Shophouses façade influenced by colonial and Javanese style 4.5.5 Shophouses façade influenced by Chinese and Javanese style 4.5.6 Shophouses façade influenced by colonial, Chinese, and Javanese style 4.6 SUMMARY CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

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