本實驗分為三個部份，第一部分以化學共沉澱法(Coprecipitation，CPT)製備出平均粒徑約為15.5nm之四氧化三鐵奈米粒子(Fe3O4 nanoparticles，FeNPs)，再以無乳化劑乳化聚合法(Emulsionless polymerization)合成出粒徑約為2.2μm之聚苯乙烯微米粒子(Polystyrene microparticles，PSMPs)。以高介電性質之PSMPs作為基材，透過靜電吸附力將固定濃度的FeNPs包覆於PSMPs表面，形成PSMPs@FeNPs，再以包覆之次數將其命名為PF2、PF4、PF6、PF8、PF10的核-殼粒子系統。使用熱重量分析儀(TGA)做定量分析，PF10中FeNPs的含量最高可達23.43wt%，約有20萬顆粒子成功以靜電吸附力的方式包覆於PSMPs表面。
第二部分探討低介電性質FeNPs在核-殼粒子系統中所占比例提高，施加不同頻率的交流電場，使核-殼粒子受到之交流特徵頻率從300kHz降至100kHz即可驅動成串。再以Clausius−Mossotti理論公式之實部值(Real part，ε')與虛部值(Imaginary part，ε'')進行有效介電常數(Permittivity)的計算與預測，進而探討其核-殼粒子系統的電流變性質(Electroheological)，並以光學顯微鏡(Optical microscopy，OM)觀察核-殼粒子系統受電場響應所表現之穿透率，呈現出不同的顯示效果，其中以PF10穿透率最高，可達59.94%。
第三部分將PF8核-殼粒子以不同濃度之APTES改質後，形成PSMPs@FeNPs@APTES的核-殼結構粒子，命名為PF8N1、PF8N2、PF8N3，續以75μg/mL的Protein G來探討APTES在核-殼粒子系統中所占比例不同而影響抓取Protein G的量，由Bradford assay之檢量線得知，PF8N3最高可抓取76.87%的Protein G，接著利用Protein G能與抗體的Fc區域結合之特性，使抗體不會因分子立體障礙而產生遮蔽效應無法與抗原反應，續與帶有螢光標籤的二抗反應後，以雷射共軛焦顯微鏡觀察確認反應之成功性。
藉由施加不同頻率的交流電場，測量各別複合粒子極化成串之穿透率分布，根據不同的響應頻率所對應的穿透率差異，來達到抗原偵測的目的。依照粒子表面抓取抗原的含量，其最大穿透度所對應的響應頻率分別為650kHz、750kHz及900kHz，其與未添加抗原時的響應頻率300kHz有所差異。

My thesis consists of three parts, including the synthesis of substrate, measurement of transmittance and observation of antigenic detection. First, iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) which mean diameter was about 15.5nm prepared by using co-precipitation method. Sequentially, using emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization to prepare 2.2μm polystyrene microspheres (PSMPs) as a substrate. The electrostatic adsorption, the driving force, immobilized FeNPs on the substrate surface to synthesis PSMPs@FeNPs core/shell composited particles fully. According to increasing FeNPs adding times, samples were named as PF2, PF4, PF6, PF8 and PF10 respectively. With reaching the maximum, 23.43%, of the FeNPs content of PF10, the amount of FeNPs particles coated on the surface was around 200,000.
Second, the core/shell particles were prepared by low-permittivity FeNPs-encapsulated high-permittivity PSMPs, so the contents of FeNPs had significant effects on its eletrorheological properties. The AC frequency decreasing from 300kHz to 100kHz made the core/shell particles form the stringing. Then, predicting the effective permittivities of these composites from the real (ε') and imaginary parts (ε'') that were based on the Clausius−Mossotti formalism to discuss eletrorheological properties. Furthermore, encapsulated aqueous dispersion of PSMPs@FeNPs microparticles were put into display device, optical microscopy, to observe the various electroresponsive behaviors. Among all cases, PF10 reached the maximum, 59.94%, of the top-view transmittance.
Third, PF8 composite core/shell particles modified by different APTES concentration, samples were named as PF8N1, PF8N2 and PF8N3. Sequentially, using EDC/NHS to react with 75μg/mL of Protein G discussed the different amount that successfully reacted on the particle surface. In terms of calibration curve based on Bradford assay, PF8N3 was able to react with the highest proportion, 76.87%, of Protein G. Taking advantage of the unique property of Protein G, only connecting the Fc region of antibody, to modify antibodies on the particle surface. Then, using secondary antibody with fluorescent label to confirm whether antibodies were immobilized on the surface or not.
What’s more, applying different frequencies of AC electric field to measure the transmittance of each composite patricle was formed stringing structure after electric polarization. It depended on the response frequency corresponding to the transmission to achieve the purpose of antigenic detection. In accordance with the content of the antigen, a characteristic frequency antigenic detection was formed. Afterwards, the corresponding response frequencies of the maximum transmittance were 650kHz, 750kHz and 900kHz, respectively.

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