為減少干擾光對駕駛的影響，本研究將調查及分析民眾在從事駕駛視覺作業時， LED廣告看板、八卦燈、訊息跑馬燈、孔雀燈與字形燈等動態影像，是否對其造成影響及其感知程度如何？同時，蒐集駕駛視覺作業之反應時間，進而比較在有無駕駛視覺作業情況下，是否影響其舒適度？並提出改善方法。
　　本研究藉由人因實驗模擬LED看板與其他LED廣告招牌之不同動態影像，比較其於有無駕駛視覺作業所產生的視覺感知影響。分析結果顯示，對於有駕駛視覺作業之受測者而言， LED光源亮度與影片類型等主因子對其眩光不舒適程度及閃爍不舒適程度均呈顯著影響，而影片類型和LED光源亮度並互為交互作用；另外LED光源亮度對於駕駛視覺作業之反應時間亦呈顯著效果。本研究進而分析LED光源亮度與影片類型等主因子對於有無駕駛視覺作業時之影響程度，結果顯示有駕駛視覺作業之不舒適程度略高於無駕駛視覺作業，而不論在有無駕駛視覺作業情況下，LED光源亮度與影片類型對其閃爍舒適程度均具交互作用，對駕駛視覺作業之反應時間亦呈顯著效果。眩光與閃爍所造成之不舒適程度，於有駕駛視覺作業時，影響更甚。此外，就LED組合燈種類而言，八卦燈是最令人視覺不舒適的燈源，LED組合燈種類對於眩光與閃爍不舒適度影響皆成顯著效果。
　 透過本研究實驗結果，未來將可提供業者或民眾於設置相關組合燈或廣告招牌時參酌運用，亦可提供政府部門作為未來光汙染防制與對策之參考，更進一步教育民眾或相關產業加強對光汙染的認識與預防。

Following on the product diversification of LED advertising lighting, it becomes complex in terms of the influences of human eyes perception and sensation, and even direct affects the response of human psychology. Therefore, my research is mainly focused on the effects of driving visual task on LED outdoor advertising signs.
We use the psychophysical experiments to simulate different video of LED billboard and other LED advertising lighting to figure out the impact on whether having driving visual task or not. The analyzed result shows that to those subjects with driving behaviors, major elements like LED’s light source luminance and video types have significant influence when it comes to the level of glare discomfort. As for flicking nuisance, main elements like LED’s light source luminance and video types have notable impact and have interaction. Besides, LED’s light source luminance also has obvious effect on the reaction time of driving visual task.
　　Whether glare or flicker evaluation, the discomfort perception with driving visual task is only a little bit serious than without driving visual task. Furthermore, there is an interaction between flicking nuisanceof LED Light source luminance, video types and driving visual task. When it comes to driving visual task, the reaction time of LED’s light source luminance shows a significant influence. No matter if there is whether having driving visual task, LED’s light source luminance is the major factor causing glare and flicking. However, with driving behaviors, the discomfort of glare and flicking are both higher than without driving behaviors. What’s more, with regard to different types of LED advertising lighting, the “eight trigrams” is most uncomfortable type.
　　This study can provide people some suggestions while setting advertising lighting. . Also, it can be reference for public sector while dealing with light pollution in the future and further educating the public and related industry.

[1] 中華民國國家標準，「CNS 15015 戶外景觀照明燈具」，中華民國國家標準局 (2006) 。
[2] “LEDs Used in Signage & Professional DisplaysGlobal Market Forecast
(2011-2017)”, ElectroniCast Consultants, June 7 (2012).
[3] 鄭森皓、彭保仁、溫照華、陳怡君、徐紹維、鍾宗穎、廖淑君，「光汙染防
制策略規劃及建置」，中華民國行政院環境保護署 EPA-101- F105-02-207（民
101）。
[4] 林憲德、趙又嬋，「光汙染現況調查與案例分析」，中華民國行政院環境保護
署 EPA-98-F105-02-209 計畫期末報告（民 100）。
[5] 鄭森皓、彭保仁，「新興物理性公害之調查及研究」，中華民國行政院環境保
護署 EPA-100-U1F1-02-106 計畫期末報告（民 100）。
[6] 林彥輝、莊舜弘、李建璁，「室外工作場所採光照明與作業安全之研究」，行政 院 勞 委 會 勞 工 安 全 衛 生 研 究 所 （ 民 97 年 1 月 ）。
http://www.iosh.gov.tw/Book/other_public_Publish.aspx?P=95
[7] Duco Schreuder, Outdoor Lighting: Physics, Vision and Perception, Springer,
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8602-1 (2008).
[8] K. Narisada and D. A. Schreuder, Light Pollution Handbook. Dordrecht,
Springer (2004).
[9] D. A.Schreuder, Road lighting for safety. London, Thomas Telford (Translation
of “Openbare verlichting voor verkeer en veiligheid”, Deventer, Kluwer Techniek, 1996) (1998).
[10] K. R. Boff, & J. E. Lincoln,”Engineering Data Compendium: Human perception and performance” AAMRL, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (1988).
[11] C. H. Graham, Vision and Visual Perception, John Wiley & Sons Inc (1965).
[12] J. D. Bullough, J. A. Brons, R. Qi, and M. S. Rea, “Predicting discomfort glare from outdoor lighting installations,” Lighting Research and Technology, 40(3), pp. 225-242 (2008).
[13] H. J. Schmidt-Clausen and J. T. H. Bindels, "Assessment of discomfort glare in motor vehicle lighting." Lighting Research & Technology, 6, pp. 79-88 (1974).
[14] CIE 112-1994, “Glare evaluation system for use within outdoor sports and area lighting” (1994)
[15] CIE 117-1995, “Discomfort Glare in Interior Lighting” (1995).
[16] 鄭森皓、彭保仁、溫照華、賴鵬宇、陳怡君、謝品萱，「新興物理性公害之
調查及研究」，中華民國行政院環境保護署 EPA-101-U1F1-02-106 計畫期末
報告（民 101）。
[17] Y. Ishiguro, H. Takada, K. Watanabe, A. Okumura, K. Aso, T. Ishikawa, “A Follow-up Survey on Seizures Induced by Animated Cartoon TV Program ‘Pocket Monster’”, Epilepsia , 45(4), 377-383, (2004).
[18] “A Review of the Literature on Light Flicker: Ergonomics, Biological Attributes, Potential Health Effects, and Methods in Which Some LED Lighting May Introduce Flicker”, IEEE Standard P1789 (2010).
[19] J. D. Bullough, K. Sweater Hickcox, T. R. Klein, and N. Narendran “Effects of flicker characteristics from solid-state lighting on detection, acceptability and comfort,” Lighting Research and Technology, 43(3), pp. 337-348 (2011).
[20] “Handbook of Optics”, vol. III, ch. 2, Ed. 3, Michael Bass Editor-in-Chief, Optical Society of America (2010).
[21] IESNA Lighting Handbook Ed. 9 (2000).
[22] 中華民國國家標準，「CNS 15015 戶外景觀照明燈具」，中華民國國家標準局 (2006) 。
[23] CIE 150-2003 “Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor lighting installations”
[24] “A Review of the Literature on Light Flicker: Ergonomics, Biological Attributes, Potential Health Effects, and Methods in Which Some LED Lighting May Introduce Flicker”, IEEE Standard P1789(2010).
[25] Bullough, J. D., J. A. Brons, R. Qi, and M. S. Rea, “Predicting discomfort glare from outdoor lighting installations,” Lighting Research and Technology 40(3): 225-242 (2008).
[26] Bullough, J. D., K. Sweater Hickcox, T. R. Klein, and N. Narendran “Effects of flicker　characteristics from solid-state lighting on detection, acceptability and comfort,” Lighting Research　and Technology, 43(3), pp. 337-348 (2011). 表 C012 共 18 頁 第16 頁。
[27] CIE 112-1994, “Glare evaluation system for use within outdoor sports and area lighting” (1994).
[28] IESNA Lighting Handbook Ed. 9 (2000).
[29] JEITA ED-2522, “Measuring methods for matrix liquid crystal display modules” (1995).
[30] 林憲德、趙又嬋，「光汙染現況調查與案例分析」， 中華民國行政院環境保護署 EPA-98-F105-02-209 計畫期末報告 (2009) 。
[31] 鄭森皓、彭保仁，「新興物理性公害之調查及研究」, 中華民國行政院環境保護署 EPA-100-U1F1-02-106 計畫期末報告 (2011) 。
[32] 王韻婷，「夜間多媒體LED看板之眩光與閃爍感知研究」，台灣科技大學色彩與照明科技研究所碩士論文 (2013) 。
[33] 吳芳儀，心理因素影響影像色彩喜好之研究。雲林，台灣：雲林科技大學視
覺傳達設計系碩士論文（2005）。
[34] Recommendation ITU-R BT.500-13, Methodology for the subjectiveassessment
of the qualityof television pictures (2012).