2.4GHz 射頻前端接收電路之設計｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	曾清城 Ching-cheng Tseng
論文名稱：	2.4GHz 射頻前端接收電路之設計 Design of a 2.4 GHz RF Front End Receiver
指導教授：	黃進芳 Jhin-Fang Huang
口試委員:	徐敬文 none 陳國龍 none 魏炯權 none 黃正亮 none
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電資學院 - 電子工程系 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	110
中文關鍵詞：	主動濾波器
外文關鍵詞：	active filter
相關次數：	點閱：437 下載：12
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本論文設計一個應用於2.4GHz 頻段之射頻前端接收電路，此射頻前端接收電路包含了一組低雜訊放大器及主動式濾波器，因低雜訊放大器位在射頻前端電路的第一級對系統功能有著明顯的影響，論文中將討論電晶體之S參數的量測，低雜訊及級間匹配電路的設計為重點，此低雜訊放大器將工作在中心頻率為2.45 GHz，頻寬100MHz，增益38dB及2dB雜訊指數，並使用微代線及離散元件進行阻抗匹配及實作。
傳統上濾波器均是使用被動元件，例如傳輸線、導波管、電感、電容等離散元件來實現濾波器的設計，現今由於MMIC單石微波積體電路的技術不斷演進，使得主動式濾波器逐漸能夠取代被動式濾波器，相較於被動式濾波器，主動式濾波器有著體積小、成本低、高Q值等優點且微波帶主動式濾波器是用MMIC技術設計所以可以輕易的與MMIC整合縮小濾波器尺寸。
本論文的重點會集中於2.45 GHz主動式濾波器之設計包含理論推導及實作，論文中將討論如何利用負電阻補償電路設計主動式濾波器及傳統被動式濾波器之設計方法並進行模擬分析與比較。實作部分包含2.45GHz主動式濾波器及一組低雜訊放大器，最後並將這兩個電路串接起來量測驗證射頻前端接收電路之整體表現。

This thesis, presents a 2.4 GHz Front-End Receiver. This front-End Receiver includes a two stage LNA (low noise amplifiers) and a active filter. Since the LNA is the first stage in the circuit block in a receiver chain, its noise performance dominates the system sensitivity. The primary objective of this work is how to capture transistor’s S-parameter, achieve low noise figure and multistage matching method. This low noise amplifier (LNA) is for the frequency from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz, using Hetero-Junction FET with fT of 12 GHz. The matching circuits were implemented with microstrips and discrete limped elements. In the frequency band of operation, the achieved noise figure (NF) is with in 0.8 dB from the minimum NF of a single transistor, the power gain is 38dB, flat within 1dB, and maximum input VSWR is lower than 3.
Traditionally, such filters have been implemented as passive network of wave guide, transmission line, or discrete limped elements. However, due to the improvement in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) process technology, more and more systems utilize the active filter instead of the passive filter. Compared to the passive filter, the active filter its’ advantageous in small size, compatibility with other ICs and low loss in narrow bandwidth designs.
This thesis will focus on the 2.4 GHz active bandpass filter design, including the theory and implementation. Besides this, we will also discuss about how to implement active bandpass filter using negative resistance compensation technique, as well as tradition passive filter. The active bandpass filter and two stage low noise amplifier will be fabricated and cascades to measure and to verify the performance of RF front end receiver.

Chapter 1	Introduction………………………………………………….1
1  Motivation……………………………………………..1
2  Receiver Front End Architecture Overview…………..2
3  Contribution…………………………………………...3
4  Outline of the Thesis…………………………………..4

Chapter 2	Front End Receiver………………………………………….5
1  Introduction of RF Front End Receiver……………….5
1.1 Introduction of Active Filters…………………..5
1.2 Introduction of Low Noise Amplifier…………..7
2  Basic Concept and Theory of Filters………………….7
2.1 Transfer Functions……………………………...7
2.2 Butterworth (Maximally Flat) Response……...10
2.3 Chebyshev Response………………………….12
2.4 Elliptic Function Response……………………14
3  Resonant Circuits…………………………………….17
3.1 Parallel Resonant Circuit……………………...17
3.2 Coupled Resonator Circuits…………………...19
3.3 General Theory of Couplings…………………20
4  MMIC Passive and Active Components Model……..25
4.1 Spiral Inductor Model…………………………26
4.2 Ribbon Inductor Model………………………..27
4.3 Negative Resistance Generator Circuit and Model……………………………………………………....28
5  Filter Design Using Negative Resistance Generator...30
6  LNA Introduction……………………………………36
6.1 Power Gain……………………………………34
6.2 Noise Figure…………………………………..39
6.3 Linearity………………………………………42
6.3.1 Gain Compression (1-dB point)………42
6.3.2 Third Intercept Point IP3……………...43

Chapter 3	Design of Active Bandpass Filter………………………….45
1  Comparison Between Passive and Active Filter……..45
2  Active Filter Theory and Techniques………………..47
3  Active Band-pass Filter Design Procedures…………50
4  Negative Resistance Generator Circuit Design………55
5  Simulation and Measurements Results………………59

Chapter 4	Low Noise Amplifier Design…...........................................68
1  Design Consideration of LNA……………………….68
1.1  Define LNA spec and design goals…………68
1.2  Select Proper Transistor……………………..69
1.3  DC Analysis-Bias……………………………72
1.4  Transistor S-parameter Measurement……….74
2  Matching Networks…………………………………..76
2.1 Matching Circuit for Two-Stage LNA………...77
3  Simulation and Measurements Result………………..79
3.1 LNA Stage-1 Design……………………………79
3.2 Test Equipments………………………………...86
3.3 Measurement Results…………………………...86
3.4 Summary and Conclusion………………………93

Chapter 5	Cascade  of  Active  Bandpass  Filter  and Low Noise Amplifier……………………………………………….......95
1  Whole Circuit………………………………………..95
2  Simulation and Measurement Result………………..96
2.1 Comparison Between Simulation and Measurement……………………………………………….97
3  Discussion……………………………………………99

Chapter 6	Conclusion………………………………………………..100

                                

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