提水機械(Water-lifting machine)係一種可將水由低處帶至高處之機械裝置。由於古中國時期對於工藝技術並沒有相當重視，所以並未有一個明確的規範訂立出機構繪製方式、尺寸比例等要求。因此，在載有提水機械圖像的中國古籍中，常有機構繪製不明或標示錯誤的情形發生。本文針對古代自行發明與西方傳教士傳入的古中國提水機械進行機構分析，嘗試找出古籍中機構繪製不合理處，並提出合理的機構簡圖。首先，本研究將中國古籍與科學技術史書中載有提水機械之圖像，依機構類型進行分類。接著，以該分類為依據，依序對18種古中國自行發明與14種西方傳教士傳入中國的古代提水機械進行機構合理性研究，並將錯誤的圖示修改為正確的合理示意圖與機構簡圖。最後，針對古中國自行發展與西方傳教士傳入之古代提水機械之尺寸設計、動力來源、傳遞效能、省力目的等進行比較。
關鍵字：提水機械、機構簡圖、機構與機器科學史。

Water-lifting machine is an application of machinery used for conveying water from the lower positions to higher ones. In ancient China, since engineering technology was not as mature as in modern era, it is common that the mechanism drawings of water-lifting machines in ancient Chinese books were mistakenly represented. The purpose of this work is, therefore, to study and analyze the mechanism drawings of the water-lifting machines in ancient Chinese books and technology history books, trying to reason the rationality and redraw the kinematic diagrams of the machines if they were depicted questionably. First, based on the mechanism types, we classify the ancient Chinese water-lifting machines into two categories, i.e., those from original ancient Chinese inventions and the others recreations motivated by western technology. Then, we reason the rationality of the schematic diagrams of these ancient water-lifting machines, providing the reasonable kinematic drawings for those questionable mechanism drawings. Finally, we compare the designs in these two categories and identifying the differences between them in terms of sizing issue, actuation strategy, transmission efficiency and save effort, etc.
Keywords: Water-lifting machines, Kinematic diagrams, History of mechanism and machine science.

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