隨著全球環保意識的提升，全世界逐漸使用再生能源取代傳統的發電方式，以減少環境汙染。不過，再生能源容易因為天候因素而影響到其發電量，使再生能源無法長時間穩定的發電，而造成電網頻率不穩、電壓波動過大等問題，並且對於傳統電網的調度與運轉穩定性造成一定程度的衝擊與影響。
透過電池儲能系統能夠快速並有效的解決上述提到的問題，使儲能系統於發電量過高時充電，以減少電網多餘之電力，反之，於發電量不足時放電。
有鑑於未來儲能系統的容量增加、提升施工人員安全性及維運之方便性等原因，本論文規劃並設計出一套分散式低壓儲能系統，使用多組小型低壓儲能系統並聯組合成一套大型低壓儲能系統，並依據太陽光電發電量、時間電價設計排程以及控制策略，使儲能系統能達到最大效益。
最後，本研究設計出來之分散式低壓儲能系統於實際案場進行功能測試與應用，總共分為五個情況進行測試，有兩個情況分別為系統正常情況下夏月平日和非夏月平日；第三種情況為當有一個儲能貨櫃進行輪休時，其他儲能貨櫃持續運行；第四種為當有設備發生異常時，其餘設備會於下一次進行補償動作，使儲能系統之輸出功率能達到目標值；最後一個情況為當電網停電時，系統會追隨太陽光電、負載而輸出不同之功率。

With the improvement of global environmental protection awareness, the world has gradually replaced traditional generators with renewable energy to reduce environmental pollution. However, renewable energy is likely to affect its power generation due to weather factors, making it impossible for renewable energy to generate power stably for a long time, causing problems such as grid frequency instability and excessive voltage fluctuations, and causing a certain degree of impact and impact on traditional grids. BESS can quickly and effectively solve these problems, so that BESS can be charged when the power generation is too high, and conversely, it can be discharged when the power generation is insufficient.
In view of the increase in the capacity of the energy storage system in the future, the improvement of the safety of construction personnel and the convenience of maintenance and operation, this paper designs a decentralized low-voltage BESS, using multiple groups of small low-voltage BESS in parallel to form a set up a large-scale BESS, and plan scheduling and control strategies based on PV and time-of-day electricity prices, so that the BESS can achieve maximum efficiency.
Finally, the distributed low-voltage BESS is tested and applied in the actual field. It is divided into five cases for testing, two cases are the normal summer moon and the non-summer moon weekday under normal system conditions. The third is that when one energy storage container is in rotation, the other BESS containers continue to operate. The fourth is that when some equipment is deviant, the other equipment will perform compensation actions next time. The last is that when the power grid fails, the system will follow the PV and load to discharge different power.

[1] Summary for Policymakers,
https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/
[2] Energy and the environment explained,
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/energy-and-the-environment/greenhouse-gases-and-the-climate.php
[3] 「臺灣2050淨零排放路徑及策略總說明」，國家發展委員會，2022年03月30日
[4] 台灣電力公司網站，取自：https://www.taipower.com.tw/tc/Chart.aspx?mid=194
[5] 吳進忠，「大量再生能源併網的衝擊與電力調度因應策略」，台灣電力股份有限公司調度處，2020年
[6] L. Ai Wong and V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, "A Case Study on Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage to Solve ‘Duck Curve’ Issues in Malaysia," 2020 International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies (ICSGCE), 2020, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICSGCE49177.2020.9275649.
[7] Y. Tan, M. Wen, J. Liao, C. Wang, Y. Liu and T. Ouyang, "Scheduling Strategy of Energy Storage Peak-Shaving and Valley-Filling Considering the Improvement Target of Peak-Valley Difference," 2021 11th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES), 2021, pp. 196-200, doi: 10.1109/ICPES53652.2021.9683914.
[8] Q. Xu, Y. Ding, Q. Yan, A. Zheng and P. Du, "Day-Ahead Load Peak Shedding/Shifting Scheme Based on Potential Load Values Utilization: Theory and Practice of Policy-Driven Demand Response in China," in IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 22892-22901, 2017, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2763678.
[9] L. Meng, T. Dragicevic and J. Guerrero, "Adaptive control of energy storage systems for power smoothing applications," 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia), 2017, pp. 1014-1018, doi: 10.1109/IFEEC.2017.7992180.
[10] 「一定契約容量以上之電力用戶應設置再生能源發電設備管理辦法」，經濟部能源局，2020年12月31日
[11] Y. -J. Liu, C. -W. Lin and S. -I. Chen, "Analysis of load electricity consumption on a low-voltage distribution system with community energy storages," 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia), 2017, pp. 2048-2052, doi: 10.1109/IFEEC.2017.7992366.
[12] R. S. S. Singh, M. Abbod and W. Balachandran, "Low voltage Hybrid Renewable Energy System management for energy storages charging-discharging," 2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON), 2016, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ENERGYCON.2016.7514001.
[13] M. T. Lawder et al., "Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and Battery Management System (BMS) for Grid-Scale Applications," in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 102, no. 6, pp. 1014-1030, June 2014, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2014.2317451.
[14] 「推動智慧電網-確保電力穩定供應」，行政院新聞傳播處，2019年12月09日
[15] Jan Figgener, Peter Stenzel, Kai-Philipp Kairies, Jochen Linßen, David Haberschusz, Oliver Wessels, Georg Angenendt, Martin Robinius, Detlef Stolten, Dirk Uwe Sauer, The development of stationary battery storage systems in Germany – A market review, Journal of Energy Storage, Volume 29, 2020, 101153, ISSN 2352-152X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.101153.
[16] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), “Electricity storage and renewables: costs and markets to 2030,” 2017.
https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Oct/IRENA_Electricity_Storage_Costs_2017.pdf.
[17] 「綠能引擎加速 儲能系統的種類與原理」，台電月刊681期，取自：https://tpcjournal.taipower.com.tw/article/3447
[18] 陳貽評，「儲能系統全解析!行內人揭開儲能概念股在夯甚麼」，綠學院，2021年03月08日
[19] InfoLink CONSULTING，「2030年台灣儲能市場與經濟規模上看20GW與2000億」
[20] 「電力交易平台-第四次公開說明會」，台灣電力股份有限公司電力調度處，2021年09月24日
[21] 「儲能自動頻率控制(AFC)調頻備轉輔助服務」，台灣電力股份有限公司，2020年
[22] 台灣電力公司網站，取自：https://taipowerdsm.taipower.com.tw/low-volt#introductions