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研究生: 朱玟瑜
Wen-yu Chu
論文名稱: 磁性酵母菌(Magnetic P. pastoris)純化刀豆粉粗萃液中之刀豆球蛋白A
Purification of Concanavalin A from crude extract of Jack Bean by using magnetic P. pastoris
指導教授: 李振綱
Cheng-kang Lee
口試委員: 陳秀美
Hsiu-mei Chen
張嘉修
Jo-shu Chang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 化學工程系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 87
中文關鍵詞: 奈米磁性粒子磁性酵母菌刀豆球蛋白A葡萄糖氧化酶
外文關鍵詞: nanoparticle, magnetic yeast, concanavalin A, glucose oxidase
相關次數: 點閱:152下載:6
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  • Concanavalin A(Con A)是一種從Canavalia ensiformis(刀豆,Jack Beans )萃取出來的植物凝集素(Lectin),它是一種四級體的金屬蛋白,需要過度金屬像是鈣或是鎂離子來幫助活性,可與mannose,glucose,dextran等醣類或醣蛋白上的醣類產生親和性吸附作用,所以已廣泛地應用在醣蛋白的純化上,另外它能與T cell表面特定醣分子結合,而且對A型血液(RH+)有特殊的凝集現象,所以在醫學上的研究也很重要。
    酵母菌細胞壁上具有可與Con A產生專一性接合的甘露聚醣,因此酵母菌Pichia pastoris可應用於純化回收Con A。為方便酵母菌之回收使用,本研究製備出磁性流體將酵母菌磁化,此磁性流體以穿透顯式電子顯微鏡觀察其平均磁性粒子大小約為10~15nm,磁化強度為22.3 emu˙g-1。而磁化過後的酵母菌磁化強度為11~11.2 emu g-1,且具有45%之存活率。磁性酵母菌在40C、 pH7.0下與Con A粗萃液進行吸附,每克乾重磁性酵母菌對Con A之最大吸附量可達28.71毫克,葡萄糖溶液及pH 1.25的水溶液可將吸附之Con A脫附,葡萄糖脫附效率有七成,而使用低pH值水溶液脫附效率可達90%以上,且磁性酵母菌重複使用佳,重複吸附Con A達五次,仍有七成之吸附效率。
    此外利用含Con A之磁性酵母菌亦可吸附為醣蛋白的葡萄糖氧化酶(GOX),在30℃下每克乾重含Con A的磁性酵母菌可吸附169.15U的葡萄糖氧化酶,且重複使用三次,仍不減GOX之活性。


    Abstract

    Concanavalin A (Con A) is a lectin isolated from Canavalia ensiformis (Jack Bean). It specifically binds to mannose, glucose and glycoproteins containing mannose.
    Since the cell wall of yeast contains a layer amount of mannose, yeast has been used to recover Con A from Jack bean powder. In order to facilitate the recovery of yeast used in batch Con A adsorption system, yeast was in this work, the yeast of Pichia pastoris was treated with magnetic fluid to become magnetic yeast. The magnetic property would cause the yeast to be easily collected and redispersed by applying magnetic field. The saturation of magnetization of magnetic P. pastoris was 11~11.2 emu/g. The maximum Con A adsorption capacity of magnetic P. pastoris was 28.71 mg/ g dry weight at 4℃ and pH 7.0. By treating with 1M glucose solution, as much as 70% of adsorbed Con A could be recovered, while lowering the solution pH to 1.25 the recovery percentage could reach 90%.
    The magnetic P. pastoris adsorbed with Con A was able to capture the glycoprotein glucose oxidase. At 30℃, 169.15 U of glucose oxidase was adsorbed for each gram of dry con A-magnetic P. pastoris. The GOX adsorbed on magnetic yeast still retained its activity after repeated use for three times.

    中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ 英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 目錄…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ 圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ表目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ 第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 研究背景與目的…………………………………………………………… 1 1.2 研究內容簡介……………………………………………………………2 第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………………… 4 2.1 磁性分離科技………………………………………………………………4 2.2 磁化之菌體細胞……………………………………………………………4 2.3 刀豆球蛋白A (concanavalin A) ………………………………………… 9 2.3.1 刀豆球蛋白A的來源…………………………………………………9 2.3.2 刀豆球蛋白A的基本性質………………………………………… 11 2.3.3 刀豆球蛋白A的純化………………………………………………12 2.3.4 刀豆球蛋白A的應用………………………………………………13 2.4 葡萄糖氧化酶(Glucose oxidase)…………………………………………15 2.4.1 葡萄糖氧化酶的性質………………………………………………15 2.4.2 葡萄糖氧化酶的固定化與回收……………………………………16 第三章 實驗內容……………………………………………………………………18 3.1實驗流程……………………………………………………………………18 3.2實驗材料……………………………………………………………………18 3.2.1菌株…………………………………………………………………18 3.3實驗培養基……………………………………………………………18 3.4各式緩衝液及反應液…………………………………………………19 3.5 實驗藥品……………………………………………………………………21 3.5.1 磁性流體…………………………………………………………… 22 3.5.2 刀豆粉粗萃液之製備……………………………………………… 22 3.5.3 Con A活性分析液……………………………………………………23 3.5.4穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)樣品製備…23 3.6實驗設備……………………………………………………………………23 3.7實驗方法………………………………………………………………26 3.7.1磁性流體製作方法……………………………………………26 3.7.2磁性酵母菌方法……………………………………………………27 3.7.3 菌體菌落測定………………………………………………………27 3.7.4刀豆球蛋白A粗萃液製備…………………………………………28 3.7.5蛋白質之濃度分析………………………………………………28 3.7.6蛋白質電泳分析……………………………………………………29 3.7.7 菌體生長曲線測定(OD600、乾菌重)…………………………………30 3.7.8 利用酵母菌、磁性酵母純化刀豆球蛋白A…………………………31 3.7.9 刀豆球蛋白A之脫附劑…………………………………………… 32 3.7.10刀豆球蛋白A的回收純化…………………………………………34 3.7.11 刀豆球蛋白A活性測定(濁度法)………………………………… 34 3.7.12 固定葡萄糖氧化酶…………………………………………………35 3.7.13 電子穿透式顯微鏡(TEM)切片樣品製備程序…………………… 40 3.7.14 電子掃描式顯微鏡(SEM)樣品製備程序………………………… 41 第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………………………43 4.1 奈米磁性粒子之性質…………………………………………………………43 4.1.1 Zeta電位……………………………………………………………43 4.1.2 奈米磁性粒子之觀察………………………………………………44 4.1.3 磁性粒子之磁滯曲線………………………………………………46 4.2 磁性酵母菌……………………………………………………………………49 4.2.1 磁性酵母菌…………………………………………………………49 4.2.2 磁化後酵母菌存活率………………………………………………51 4.2.3 磁性酵母菌之磁滯曲線不同生長時期……………………………52 4.2.4 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)下觀察的磁性酵菌…………………… 53 4.2.5 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)下觀察的磁性酵母菌………………… 55 4.3 刀豆球蛋白A之純化………………………………………………………56 4.3.1 pH值對刀豆球蛋白A(Con A)親合性的影響……………………56 4.3.2 刀豆球蛋白A動態吸附時間………………………………………57 4.3.3 刀豆球蛋白A之吸附曲線…………………………………………59 4.3.4 刀豆球蛋白A之脫附回收量………………………………………61 4.3.5 Con A脫附劑效果之比較………………………………………… 64 4.3.6 純化之Con A……………………………………………………… 65 4.3.7 磁性酵母菌重複使用率……………………………………………67 4.4 固定化葡萄糖氧化酶GOX………………………………………………… 68 4.4.1 GOX之吸附曲線…………………………………………………69 4.4.2 使用固定化之GOX重覆作反應…………………………………71 第五章 結論………………………………………………………………………73 附錄 圖………………………………………………………………………………74 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………79 圖目錄 圖 2.2.1 TEM下觀察被磁性奈米粒子包覆的Psedomonasdelafiedii………… 5 圖2.2.2 先培養後磁化的酵母菌…………………………………………………7 圖 2.2.3 先用沸水煮死後磁化的酵母……………………………………………7 圖 2.2.4 TEM下觀察磁化的酵母菌S. cerevisiae ………………………………8 圖 2.2.5 SEM下觀察磁化的酵母菌Kluyveromyces fragilis……………………9 圖 2.3.1 在Z軸下觀察Con A的圖示…………………………………………12 圖3.6.1 旋轉式攪拌器………………………………………………………25 圖 3.7.1 葡萄糖濃度檢量線……………………………………………………40 圖 4.1.1 不同pH值下磁性流體的Zeta電位……………………………………44 圖 4.1.2 由TEM觀察的磁性流體顆粒大小……………………………………45 圖 4.1.3 磁性粒子溶液………………………………………………………46 圖 4.1.4 磁滯曲線…………………………………………………………47 圖 4.1.5 磁性粒子之磁滯曲線…………………………………………………48 圖 4.2.1 磁化前後的P. pastoris………………………………………………49 圖 4.2.2 培養時加入磁性流體的酵母菌………………………………………50 圖 4.2.3 磁化後的P. pastoris在agar plate上培養一天的生長情形…………51 圖 4.2.4 P. pastoris與磁性P. pastoris在agar plate上培養一天之菌落………52 圖4.2.5 TEM下觀察的磁性P. pastoris ……………………………………54 圖 4.2.6 TEM下觀察的吸附Con A後的磁性P. pastoris………………………54 圖 4.2.7 SEM下觀察磁化前後之P. pastoris圖片……………………………55 圖 4.3.1(A) 光學顯微鏡下觀察Con A與磁性P. pastoris細胞壁之凝聚情形…56 圖 4.3.1(B) 加入pH 1.25之HCl溶液時,Con A與磁性P. pastoris細胞壁之凝聚情形……………………………………………………………………………….57 圖 4.3.1(C) 加入pH 7.0之磷酸緩衝溶液時,Con A與磁性P. pastoris細胞壁之凝聚情形…………………………………………………………………………57 圖 4.3.2 磁性P. pastoris與P. pastoris的動態吸附Con A曲線………………59 圖 4.3.3 磁性P. pastoris與P. pastoris的對Con A的吸附平衡曲線…………60 圖 4.3.4 P. pastoris對Con A的吸附平衡曲線,與脫附回收量………………62 圖 4.3.5 磁性P. pastoris對Con A的吸附平衡曲線,與脫附回收量…………63 圖 4.3.6 不同脫附時間下以HCl水溶液脫附的Con A SDS-PAGE……………64 圖 4.3.7 脫附能力的比較………………………………………………………65 圖 4.3.8 磁性P. pastoris純化Con A的SDS-PAGE……………………………66 圖 4.3.9 Con A脫附液脫附後之外觀………………………………………… 67 圖 4.3.10 磁性P. pastoris的再使用能力………………………………………68 圖 4.4.1 Con A修飾之磁性酵母菌對GOX之平衡吸附曲線…………………69 圖 4.4.2 以含Con A磁性酵母菌固定之GOX與不同濃度葡萄糖溶液反應之懸 浮液外觀…………………………………………………………………………… 71 圖 4.4.3 使用含Con A磁性酵母菌固定化之GOX之重覆反應………………72 表目錄 表 4.1 磁性粒子吸附之蛋白質量………………………………………………58 表 4.2 磁性P. pastoris、P. pastoris吸附Con A之Qmax與Kd………………61 表 4.3 固定GOX於磁性酵母菌上………………………………………………69 表 4.4 固定化GOX反應前後葡萄糖濃度………………………………………71 表 4.5 固定化GOX消耗葡萄糖濃速率…………………………………………72

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