人類多瘤BK病毒(BKV)是近來逐漸受到重視的伺機性感染病原體，當個體免疫力面臨抑制或波動時，可能會造成嚴重的併發症，包括BK病毒相關的腎病變、輸尿管阻塞、和出血性膀胱炎等，甚至造成高達50%的腎臟移植失敗率，以非侵入性的聚合酶連鎖反應法檢測尿液和血液中的病毒數，是臨床上監測BKV活化複製的標準工具。側流免疫層析法，是一種快速、低成本、使用方便、節省人力、又較不受資源與地域性限制的診斷工具，已經成功的被應用在病原體的檢測。在這篇論文裡，蒐集截至2016年11月止，來自美國國家生物技術資訊中心資料庫中，不分基因亞型和亞群的完整編碼序列加以比對，找到BKV病毒的特異性片段進行核酸探針組設計，以金奈米粒子為訊號分子進行接合，發展出一種可以在45分鐘內快速、簡單偵測到病毒DNA的三明治模式側流分析法。以合成單股DNA為模擬偵測目標，分析結果顯示，在肉眼可辨視的偵測靈敏度為50 nM，若搭配訊號讀取設備，則可達5 nM；專一性分析顯示，不會和同源性高的其他多瘤病毒家族成員，JC virus 和 simian virus 40，出現交叉反應；再現性結果顯示，在100 nM和1,000 nM合成單股目標DNA分析組別內的變異係數分別為12% 和10%；使用環狀雙股DNA為偵測目標的實測模擬結果顯示，偵測靈敏度為107 copies/mL，達到目前臨床上尿液病毒數檢測的判斷臨界值。這個檢測方法顯示了應用在定點照護檢測BKV方面的極佳潛力。

The human BK polyomavirus (BKV) is an opportunistic pathogen that has attracted increasing attention in the last decade. When an individual’s immunity is suppressed or fluctuated, it may cause serious complications, including BK virus-related nephropathy, ureteral obstruction, and hemorrhagic cystitis. The noninvasive polymerase chain reaction method that detects the viral load in urine and blood is a standard tool for clinical monitoring of BKV activation and replication.A lateral flow immunochromatographic assay is fast, low-cost, easy to use, labor-saving, less restricted by resources and locality, and has been successfully applied in pathogen detection. In this study, we collected the complete coding sequence from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database as of November 2016, regardless of genotype and subgroup, to find and compare BKV-specific fragments. Oligonucleotide probes were designed, gold nanoparticles were used as an indicator of conjugation, and a sandwich format lateral flow assay was developed that could quickly and easily detect viral DNA within 45 min. Synthetic single-stranded DNA was used as the model analyte, and the results revealed that the detection limit was 50 nM visible to the naked eye, and it can reach 5 nM with an optical reader. Specificity analysis revealed no cross-reactivity with other polyomaviruses, such as JC virus and simian virus 40, whereas the reproducibility analysis results indicated 12% and 10% coefficient of variation for the 100 and 1,000 nM DNA groups, respectively. Finally, the results of detection on circular double-stranded DNA revealed a detection sensitivity of 107 copies/mL, achieving the current clinical judgment threshold for the viral load in urine. This approach provides a promising potential for BKV detection in point-of-care settings.

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