水溶性幾丁聚醣/P-MDI之組成對原位聚合發泡結構之形成及物性影響效應之研究

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研究生：	葉紹宇 Shao-Yu Yeh
論文名稱：	水溶性幾丁聚醣/P-MDI之組成對原位聚合發泡結構之形成及物性影響效應之研究 Effect of Foam Structure and Performance on Composition of Water Soluble Chitosan/P-MDI through in-situ Polymerization
指導教授：	邱顯堂 Hsien-tang Chiu
口試委員:	蘇清淵 Ching-iuan Su 戴華山 Hwa-shan Tai 邱維銘 Wei-ming Chiu
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	82
中文關鍵詞：	水溶性幾丁聚醣、異氰酸酯、發泡體、原位聚合、抗菌性
外文關鍵詞：	Water-soluble chitosan, Isocyanate, Foam, In-situ polymerization, Antimicrobial
相關次數：	點閱：264 下載：0
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上一筆

幾丁聚醣是一種多功能的生物性高分子，由於幾丁聚醣易與其他高分子摻合，故本研究利用幾丁聚醣易反應之特性，與異氰酸酯反應，發展出一種類似聚氨酯結構的多孔發泡材料。本文主要是在探討以不同固含量之水溶性幾丁聚醣與聚二苯甲烷二異氰酸酯來進行原位聚合反應。由於水溶性幾丁聚醣的化學結構具有-OH官能基能與聚二苯甲烷二異氰酸酯之-NCO結構來進行原位聚合反應，且以水來當發泡劑，獲得類似PU結構發泡多孔材料。利用FT-IR、發泡倍率、密度、吸水性、SEM、機械性質包含:拉力試驗、壓縮剛性、落鎚試驗、TGA以及抗菌性等相關實驗，探討以不同固含量之水溶性幾丁聚醣溶液與P-MDI原位聚合之發泡成型物其物理性質、熱性質及抗菌性之影響。
由實驗得知幾丁聚醣含量愈多，孔洞越小、發泡倍率、吸水性降低；而密度與機械性質如:拉力試驗、壓縮剛性皆提升、吸震能力則下降。由TGA觀察到幾丁聚醣含量增加，會提高交聯度，使其耐熱性增加。抗菌性測試則是利用黃金葡萄球菌與大腸桿菌來進行外在環境之生物抗菌能力。探討不同含量幾丁聚醣發泡成型物對於抗菌性之影響效應，得知幾丁聚醣含量愈多抗菌率越高，抗菌效果也相對提升。

Chitosan is a versatile biological polymer. As chitosan polymer blends easily with others, in this present study, we use this characteristic and mix chitosan with isocyanate to develop a similar structure of the porous PU foam materials. This paper is to explore different solid contents of the water-soluble chitosan and P-MDI to conduct in-situ polymerization. As water-soluble chitosan has the chemical structure –OH functional groups that can carry out in-situ polymerization reaction with P-MDI of -NCO structure. And the foaming can be an agent with water to acquire similar structure of PU foam porous materials. The use of FT-IR, foam rate, density, water absorption, SEM, mechanical properties includes: stress-strain test, compression stiffness, falling mass shock absorption test, TGA and antibacterial activity, in addition to search a variety of solid content of water-soluble chitosan solution and P-MDI in-situ polymerization of foam molding of the physical properties, thermal properties and antimicrobial effects.
It is found that when the content of Chitosan is increasing, the holes get smaller, and the expansion ratio and water absorption decrease; however, the density stress-strain test, compression stiffness increase, and falling mass shock absorption test decrease. By observing TGA we can find when the content of Chitosan increases, the cross-linking and heat resistance extend. Antibacterial testing is the use of gold Staphylococcus and E. coli future conduct of the external environment of antibacterial capability, to explore different Chitosan foam content of antimicrobial effects. The more Chitosan, the higher rate of the anti-bacterial ability, antibacterial effect is relatively upgraded.

摘要..........................................................................I
Abstract.....................................................................II
誌謝.........................................................................IV
目錄..........................................................................V
圖索引.......................................................................Ⅷ
表索引.......................................................................Ⅹ
第一章 緒論 ..................................................................1
       1.1 前言...............................................................1
       1.2 研究動機...........................................................2
       1.3 研究目的...........................................................2
第二章 文獻回顧...............................................................3
       2.1 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣...................................................3
           2.1.1 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣簡介.........................................3
           2.1.2 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之分子結構...................................4
           2.1.3 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之製備.......................................5
           2.1.4 幾丁聚醣之去乙醯度...........................................8
           2.1.5 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之性質.......................................8
           2.1.6 幾丁質與幾丁聚醣之應用......................................10
           2.1.7 水溶性幾丁聚醣的發展........................................15
           2.1.8 幾丁聚醣之抗菌機制..........................................16
           2.1.9 幾丁聚醣之相關研究..........................................18
       2.2 異氰酸酯..........................................................20
           2.2.1 異氰酸酯之性質..............................................20
           2.2.2 異氰酸酯之反應..............................................24
       2.3 發泡的原理........................................................26
           2.3.1 氣泡的形成..................................................26
           2.3.2 氣泡的成長..................................................28
           2.3.3 氣泡的穩定性................................................28

第三章 實驗方法與原理........................................................30
        3.1 實驗.............................................................30
           3.1.1  實驗藥品...................................................30
           3.1.2  實驗儀器...................................................31
           3.1.3  實驗架構...................................................33
           3.1.4  發泡體之製備...............................................34
        3.2 材料性質測試.....................................................34
           3.2.1 傅立葉紅外線光譜分析儀(FTIR)................................34
           3.2.2 發泡倍率(Expansion ratio)...................................35
           3.2.3 密度(Density)...............................................35
           3.2.4 指觸乾燥時間................................................35
           3.2.5 吸水性試驗(Water absorption experiment).....................35
           3.2.6 熱重量分析儀(TGA)...........................................36
           3.2.7 應力－應變測試(Stress-strain test)..........................37
           3.2.8 壓縮剛性測試(Compression stiffness).........................37
           3.2.9 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(SEM).......................................38
           3.2.10 落鎚試驗(Falling Mass Shock Absorption Test)...............38
           3.2.11 抗菌性測試(Antimicrobial efficacy )........................39

第四章 結果與討論............................................................40
        4.1水溶性Chitosan/P-MDI之反應機制與材料鑑定..........................40
        4.2水溶性Chitosan/P-MDI反應速率與發泡結構探討........................42
        4.3水溶性Chitosan/P-MDI之吸水性探討..................................45
        4.4水溶性Chitosan/P-MDI之熱性質影響效應..............................46
        4.5水溶性Chitosan/P-MDI之機械性質探討................................47
           4.5.1 拉伸試驗....................................................47
           4.5.2 壓縮剛性....................................................48
           4.5.3 落鎚試驗....................................................49
        4.6水溶性Chitosan/P-MDI之抗菌能力探討................................50

第五章 結論..................................................................53

文獻回顧.....................................................................78

                                

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