隧道開挖之行為會使原本處於平衡狀態的岩盤，因開挖而失去平衡，經過應力調整與再分配，進而達到新的平衡狀態或破壞。由於大自然中岩盤構造複雜多變，隧道應力調整會受許多因素影響，諸如隧道斷面形狀、地盤好壞、覆蓋深度、側向壓力係數等等，此為本研究之影響因子選項。
本研究利用三維程式FLAC3D分析，考慮圓形隧道斷面(D=8m)，於兩種不同覆蓋深度(H=40、300公尺)、三種不同側向壓力係數(K=0.5、1、2)、兩種好壞不同岩盤(RMR=30、70)組合情況下進行數值模擬與工程行為分析。首先就以頂拱處之應力及變位掘進變化，探討影響範圍及應力變位調整最大之關鍵輪進區間，其次利用頂拱上方不同位置之地中應力再調整，探討隧道輪進開挖之影響區域或地拱成形之發展趨勢。另外嘗試模擬隧道鑽炸開挖之周圍岩盤產生損傷之影響，就可能損傷區域之參數數值折減，進行周遭岩盤未損傷及受損傷之應力變形對比。最後針對施工孔洞存在暇疵，就暇疵存在與不存在對周遭岩盤之應力集中進行分析對比。

The stresses of rock surrounding tunnel surface will be redistributed during tunneling and led to equilibrium or instability. These essential responses are relatively complicated due to the nature of complex rock composition, The influence factors related to tunnel’s stress redistribution include tunnel’s shape and cross-section, overburden depth, rock properties, and the coefficient of lateral pressure. This study aims at examine the stress and deformation characteristics of a tunnel with consideration of the influence factors by means of FLAC 3D, a three dimensional finite difference program. In which, an 8 m in diameter circular tunnel is modeled. The tunnel is placed at two different depths of 40 m and 300 m; the rock mass rating (RMR) of 30 and 70 are adopted; and the coefficient of lateral pressure (K) of 0.5, 1, and 2 are used.
The stress and displacement at the roof of the tunnel is firstly considered. The “key cycles” defined as the location where largest variations in the essential responses occur is discussed. Moreover, the vertical stress right above the tunnel’s roof is examined to study its variation and the arching behavior. In addition, the excavation disturbed zone (EDZ) of tunneling induced by the drill and blast method (D&B) is simulated by reducing the strength of the damaged rock mass near excavated surface. The redistributed stress and displacement of EDZ between no damage and damaged rock mass are simulated and compared. Finally, these tunnel’s responses as a result of an empty space behind lining and close to the tunnel’s roof is analyzed.

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