隨著越來越多的再生能源發電技術、交直流微電網技術、高壓直流輸電技術、智慧電網等新興科技納入到電網中，傳統電網的電氣特性將會發生重大改變。臺灣本島預計在2025年再生能源發電機組發電量占比將達到20%，包括20多GW的太陽能光電廠和7GW左右的離岸風電場，這些電力電子的發電機組將取代部分傳統機械式發電機組，而後者是電力系統慣性的主要提供者。傳統發電機組被再生能源發電機組代替後將導致未來的電力系統在發生電力波動時更容易引發停電事故，因為電力系統慣性降低使得系統頻率波動變大，使其更早更快的觸發低頻保護電驛。
為提高上述電力系統的可靠性，各國研究部門提出許多措施與方法，其中以電化學電池為首的儲能系統因其具備快速響應、製造與部署快速、體積較小、較為環保等優點成為補償電力系統慣性，提高其可靠性之較優選擇。本研究首先分析不同占比的再生能源併入電力系統造成的不同影響；再根據負載頻率控制系統（Load Frequency Control，LFC）模型推導出一套估算儲能系統容量的方法，並通過Matlab之Simulink對該方法的在不同的系統慣性、故障量、傳統發電機組分配比、儲能系統響應速度等特性下進行模擬，探討不同情況下該方法估算的精度；最後使用PSS/E（Power System Simulator for Engineering）模擬2025年某大型孤島式電力系統中再生能源與傳統發電機組發電分配比的不同對電力系統之影響，以及分析加入估算的儲能系統後之改善程度與預期效果之精度。

Recently, lots of renewable technologies are used in the power grid, the electrical characteristics of traditional power grid will be changed. Taiwan's main island will be expected to 20% of renewable energy in 2025, including more than 20 GW of solar photovoltaic power and 7 GW of offshore wind farms. These power electronics generators will replace some traditional mechanical generators which support the inertia in the power system. The power system of low inertia will make the frequency lower when some large faults of power system happen. This will result in the low frequency protection relay tripping and the power system outage that should not have occurred.
In order to improve the reliability of the power system, many research institutes have proposed many measures and methods. Among them, the energy storage system becomes an excellent choice to support the inertia and improve the reliability because of its rapid response, rapid manufacturing and deployment, small size and environmentally friendly products. This thesis first analyzes the different effects of different proportions of renewable energy into the power system. And then, the new method will be set to estimate the capacity of the energy storage system based on the load frequency control(LFC) model and simulated under different characteristics of inertia, degree of fault, traditional generator distribution ratio and energy storage system response speed by the Simulink of Matlab. According to the results, the accuracy of the method under different conditions is compared. Finally, using PSS/E(Power System Simulator for Engineering) to simulate the impact of different distribution ratios of renewable energy and traditional generators in the power system of island in 2025, and analyze the degree of improvement in the stability of the power system by adding the estimated energy storage system.

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