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研究生: 宋俊宜
Chun-Yi Sung
論文名稱: 有限元素網格對開挖分析結果影響之估計方法初探
The evaluation method on influences of finite-element mesh in excavation-analysis results – a preliminary study
指導教授: 謝佑明
Yo-Ming Hsieh
口試委員: 歐章煜
Chang-Yu Ou
張大鵬
Ta-Peng Chang
陳鴻銘
Hung-Ming Chen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 197
中文關鍵詞: 網格引致之誤差有限元素分析誤差評估
外文關鍵詞: mesh-induced error, error estimation, finite element analysis
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  • 本研究之目的在於嘗試提供一足以取代網格敏感度分析之工具,透過網格誤差評估結果以了解因有限元素法網格造成的計算誤差。在有限元素法的分析後誤差評估方法中,將部分方法實作為程式以計算本研究將分析之開挖問題,並找出最合適的誤差評估方法。本研究以都會地區為目標整理了台北市與香港大地工程開挖案例的典型尺寸,並根據尺寸與參數的組合進行大規模的案例計算,爾後針對各個案例計算誤差之評估值與網格引致之誤差值,最後將兩者進行關聯分析。本研究以C++程式語言撰寫誤差評估程式,配合有限元素分析軟體ABAQUS,實現了有限元素法的分析後誤差評估,並同時以視覺化類別庫VTK開發了誤差評估視覺化程式,可協助觀察誤差評估計算後之誤差分佈。此外,本研究以MySQL資料庫整理誤差評估值與網格引致之誤差值,以Gnuplot做關聯結果呈現,並以Excel作關聯的計算分析與統計,最終得到誤差評估值與網格引致誤差值之關聯。


    A new tool replacing mesh-sensitivity analyses is attempted to be developed in finite element analyses for excavations by using the relationship between A Posteriori Error Estimation and Mesh-induced-error. Several stress-recovery techniques and recovery-based error estimators are reviewed or defined and then implemented in computer programs, and these implemented error-estimators are then used on thousands of finite-element calculation results for excavation problems to identify the potential relationships between mesh-induced errors and estimated errors. The analyzed cases of excavations are based on sandy soils and excavation case histories in urban area of Taipei and Hong Kong.
    Error estimators were programmed by the author using object oriented technique with computer language C++, and finite element solutions were obtained using commercial finite element code ABAQUS. The spatial distribution of estimated errors is visualized by author’s program with the aid of Visualization ToolKit (VTK). Database management system MySQL was used to store computed data of error estimation and mesh-induced-error. The stored data was then utilized in conjunction with Gnuplot and BASH shell scripts for visualizing the correlation between mesh-induced errors and estimated errors. Finally, Excel was employed for correlating mesh-induced errors and estimated errors.

    論文摘要 I Abstract III 致謝 V 圖目錄 XI 表目錄 XVII 第一章 序論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 論文架構 4 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1 分析後誤差評估(a posteriori error estimation) 5 2.2 以修復為基礎之誤差評估(Recovery-Based Error Estimation) 6 2.2.1超收斂(Superconvergence)概念 7 2.2.2 Superconvergent Patch Recovery(SPR) 8 2.2.3 Moving Least Square(MLS) 11 2.2.4 ZZ誤差評估子(ZZ error estimator) 14 2.3 視覺化類別庫(VTK) 15 第三章 研究方法 21 3.1 誤差評估與典型案例 22 3.2 實際誤差與評估誤差之關聯 23 第四章 程式實作與計算案例的建立 29 4.1 誤差評估方法 29 4.2 程式架構 32 4.2.1有限元素資料管理類別 33 4.2.2 誤差評估類別 35 4.2.3 視覺化類別 36 4.3 開挖問題 37 4.3.1 開挖案例之蒐集 37 4.3.2 案例尺寸之整理 41 4.3.3 模型參數之決定 46 4.3.4 計算案例 48 4.4 以叢集電腦計算多個計算案例 50 4.5 ABAQUS計算結果輸出方式 51 4.5.1 變位與應力資料二進位檔之輸出 51 4.5.2 ABAQUS二進位輸出檔之格式 52 4.6 資料整理與呈現 54 第五章 誤差評估方法之評估與驗證 57 5.1 誤差評估方法之評估與驗證 57 5.1.1 應力修復的品質 57 5.1.2 實際誤差的定義 58 5.1.3 有限元素模型整體之誤差評估 60 5.2 線荷重所造成之應力增加 62 5.2.1 解析解 62 5.2.2 有限元素模型 63 5.2.3 應力修復之品質 64 5.2.4 誤差分佈之比較 72 5.2.5實際誤差與誤差評估的關聯 75 5.2.6 誤差評估與關鍵值的關聯 81 5.3隧道問題(Kirsch Solution) 86 5.3.1 解析解 86 5.3.2 有限元素模型 87 5.3.3 應力值修復之品質 88 5.3.4 誤差分佈之比較 95 5.3.5實際誤差與誤差評估的關聯 98 5.3.6 誤差評估與關鍵值的關聯 103 5.4 驗證結果討論 112 第六章 關聯之分析 113 6.1 資料量與計算量 113 6.2 理想之網格切割尺度 114 6.3 計算之誤差結果 117 6.4 參數與尺寸對關聯結果之影響 117 6.4.1 誤差評估方法 118 6.4.2 元素型態 125 6.4.3 楊氏模數,E 128 6.4.4 摩擦角,ψ 130 6.4.5 開挖深度 132 6.4.6 開挖寬度 135 6.4.7 擋土牆深度 137 6.5 關聯之調整 139 6.5.1 最大擋土牆變位 140 6.5.2 最大地表沉陷 142 6.5.3 最大地表角變量 144 6.5.4 最大地中變位 146 6.5.5 最大擋土牆彎矩 148 6.6 最佳之關聯方程式與迴歸式 150 6.7 關聯分析之結論 155 第七章 結論與建議 157 7.1 結論 157 7.2 建議 158 參考文獻 159 附錄A 程式類別成員 161 附錄B VTK使用類別與呈現誤差評估結果範例 175

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