Effect of Pre-treatment on Algal Cell Properties and Its Separation via Dispersed Air Flotation

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研究生：	阮竹玲 Nguyen - Truc Linh
論文名稱：	Effect of Pre-treatment on Algal Cell Properties and Its Separation via Dispersed Air Flotation Effect of Pre-treatment on Algal Cell Properties and Its Separation via Dispersed Air Flotation
指導教授：	劉志成 Jhy-Chern Liu
口試委員:	Suryadi Ismadji Suryadi Ismadji Renanto Handogo Renanto Handogo
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工程學院 - 化學工程系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	107
中文關鍵詞：	藻類、幾丁聚醣、細胞外有機物質、臭氧、過氧化氫、水
外文關鍵詞：	Algae, EOM, ozone, peroxone, pre-oxidation
相關次數：	點閱：238 下載：1
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此研究檢驗藻類細胞外有機物質(Extracellular organic matter, EOM)和預氧化處理
對藻類懸浮物的浮選分離之影響。研究結果顯示，使用60 mg/L 的十六烷基三甲基
溴化胺(CTAB)可以回收原始藻類懸浮液；而對分離藻類懸浮液而言，則有97.1%的
回收率。此結果指出，鬆散鍵結的EOM 會影響浮選分離效率。若將CTAB 和幾丁
聚醣(chitosan)合併使用，可增進浮選分離的成效，並且減少界面活性劑的需求量。
單純臭氧以及混合臭氧和過氧化氫使用，均可導致細胞裂解，釋放出胞內有機
物質(Intracellular organic matter, IOM)，並伴隨著此物質的礦化反應。當使用了30
分鐘的34g/m3 臭氧時，可以觀察到IOM 由高分子量位移至低分子量；若將過氧化
氫與臭氧合併使用，則可以將分子量降至更小，並增強低分子量的強度。此結果顯
示，使用預氧化處理時，藻類細胞的回收率和放流水的品質都會改善。舉例來說，
在原始藻類懸浮液中使用40mg/L CTAB 只可回收75%的藻類細胞；但若此懸浮液
先進行30 分鐘的臭氧處理，則藻類細胞回收率可達95%。30 分鐘的臭氧處理可將
溶解有機碳(DOC)的移除率從15%增加至28%，若合併加入40mg/L 過氧化氫的
話，DOC 移除率可進一步增至47%。因此，混合使用臭氧和過氧化氫的處理程序
比起單獨使用臭氧來說，有相當顯著的改善。

Effects of extracellular organic matter (EOM) and pre-oxidation on the flotation
separation of algae suspension were examined. It was found that over 95% original algal cell was recovered in original suspension when using 60 mg/L of CTAB, while 97.1% recovery was found in isolated suspension. It indicated that the loosely bound EOM affected flotation efficiency. A combined use of CTAB and chitosan could improve the performance of flotation and reduce the amount of surfactant needed. Ozone and peroxone (ozone and hydrogen peroxide) could induce cell lysis, release of intracellular organic matter (IOM), as well as mineralization of organic substances. A shift of molecular weight (MW) from high to low region was observed when 34 g/m3 of ozone was applied for 30-min. Adding hydrogen peroxide in combination with ozone could shift the high-MW peak to lower region and increase the intensity of low-MW peak. Results indicated an improvement for both algal cell recovery efficiency and effluent quality when pre-oxidation was applied. For example, 75% original algal cell was recovered in original suspension, when using 40 mg/L of CTAB while 95% recovery was found in 30-min ozonation suspension. Ozonation for 30-min could increase percent DOC removal from 15 to 28% and further increase to 47% when combined with 40 mg/L
of hydrogen peroxide. Hence, peroxone process showed significant improvement than ozone alone.

ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT (Chinese) ............................................................................................................. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT....................................................................................................... iii
CONTENTS............................................................................................................................ iv
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................. viii
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 1-1
Chapter 2. LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................................... 2-1
1. Algae characteristic................................................................................................... 2-1
2. Algae as a source for biofuels................................................................................... 2-2
3. Algae separation processes ....................................................................................... 2-3
3.1. Algae inactivation by pre-oxidation................................................................. 2-3
3.2. Coagulation/flocculation.................................................................................. 2-4
3.3. Membrane filtration ......................................................................................... 2-5
4. Algae separation via flotation ................................................................................... 2-7
4.1. Pre-treatment chemistry and flocculation ....................................................... 2-9
4.2. Using of ozone as pre-oxidation agents in DAF and DiAF........................... 2-10
4.3. Peroxone process-synergistic effect of ozone and hydrogen peroxide.......... 2-12
Chapter 3. MATERIALS AND METHOD........................................................................... 3-1
1. Materials ................................................................................................................... 3-1
2. Apparatus .................................................................................................................. 3-1
3. Procedures................................................................................................................. 3-2
3.1. Algae cultivation.............................................................................................. 3-2
3.2. Isolation algal cell ............................................................................................ 3-3
3.3. Pre-oxidation of algal suspension .................................................................... 3-4
3.4. Cells characterization....................................................................................... 3-4
3.5. Characterization of algal suspension ............................................................... 3-5
3.6. Dispersed air flotation experiments ................................................................. 3-5
3.7. Gel filtration chromatography (GFC) .............................................................. 3-6
4. Experimental design.................................................................................................. 3-8
Chapter 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................... 4-1
1. Effect of isolation process on cell properties........................................................... 4-1
2. Effect of isolation process on algae separation........................................................ 4-5
2.1. Residual turbidity for original and isolated sample ......................................... 4-5
2.2. Zeta potential measurement ............................................................................. 4-7
2.3. Particle size distribution................................................................................... 4-8
2.5. EEM results.................................................................................................... 4-15
3. DOC, PS, and PN removal – synergistic effect of CTAB – chitosan..................... 4-20
4. Effect of pre-oxidation process on cell characteristics ........................................... 4-21
4.1. SEM results.................................................................................................... 4-21
4. 2. FTIR results .................................................................................................. 4-23
5. Effect of pre-oxidation process on algal suspension............................................... 4-26
5.1. Particle size distribution................................................................................. 4-26
5.2. Dissolved organic matter, proteins, and polysaccharides data ...................... 4-29
5.3. Gel filtration chromatography........................................................................ 4-30
5.4. Zeta potential ................................................................................................. 4-34
5.5. EEM results.................................................................................................... 4-35
6. Effect of pre-oxidation process on flotation efficiency .......................................... 4-36
6.1. Residual DOC, percent turbidity, PS, and PN removal ................................. 4-36
6.2. Zeta potential ................................................................................................. 4-38
6.3. Particle size distribution................................................................................. 4-39
6.4. EEM results.................................................................................................... 4-42
Chapter 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION................................................. 5-1
1. Conclusions............................................................................................................... 5-1
2. Recommendation ...................................................................................................... 5-2
References ............................................................................................................................ R-1
APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................... A-1

                                

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