本研究主要藉由化學濕式蝕刻法與超聲輔助來合成碳化鈦(Ti3C2, MXene)奈米基材，將抗壞血酸鈉(Sodium ascorbate, SA)與多巴胺(Dopamine, DA)對MXene主體先進行表面改質修飾，成功合成出DASA- MXene，不但具有良好的穩定性和生物相容性，且表面的抗壞血酸鈉使MXene基材較不容易氧化成二氧化鈦(TiO2) 1。材料鑑定方面由HRTEM、SEM、XRD等儀器來進行奈米材料結構之分析，並使用UV-Vis、FTIR和Zeta potential來進行官能基鑑定確定。
更進一步將DASA- MXene與葡萄糖氧化酶(Glucose oxidase, GOx)和光敏劑二氫卟吩(Chlorin e6, Ce6)結合，分別賦予其飢餓療法和光動力治療之效果，形成一個新形態的奈米複合物材料。Ce6-GOx-MXene具有良好的光熱轉化效率(45.1%)，這是由於MXene基材本身優越之紅外光吸收能力和局部表面電漿共振的特性，可做為光熱材料以及應用於腫瘤治療。經由UV-Vis吸收光譜、雷射激發光以及經過活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)測定確認光動力之效果，並將Ce6-GOx-MXene奈米複合物實際應用於細胞毒性測試、癌細胞協同治療和細胞螢光顯影，確認其治療效果，成功發展出一個同時具有光熱/光動力治療/飢餓療法、細胞螢光顯影之多功能奈米複合物材料，期許在醫學治療上提供了一項新興的藥物材料。

In this paper, we employed a strategy to prepare titanium carbide (Ti3C2, MXene) nano-substrates using chemical wet etching and ultrasound assistance techniques. During the synthesis, sodium ascorbate (SA) and dopamine (DA) are used to modify the surface of the MXene, resulting DASA-MXene. Because of the SA on its surface, the resulting material, DASA-MXene, has a quality alteration that not only has good stability and biocompatibility, but also makes the MXene substrate less likely to be oxidized to titanium dioxide (TiO2). The morphology of the nano-substrates was studied using HRTEM, SEM, and XRD, while functional group identification was done using UV-Vis, FTIR, and Zeta potential.
Furthermore, DASA-MXene is combined with glucose oxidase (GOx) and photosensitizer (Chlorin e6, Ce6) to produce a new type of innovative nanocomposite material Ce6-GOx-MXene that integrates the effects of starvation therapy and photodynamic therapy. Therefore, Ce6-GOx-MXene has a good photothermal conversion efficiency (45.1%) under 808 nm laser irradiation due to the superior infrared light absorption capacity of the MXene substrate and the properties of local surface plasma resonance.
Quantitative measurements show that the multifunctional nanocomposite generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species when irradiated to a 671 nm laser. Due to the presence of GOx, glucose nutrient was decomposed, result in the formation of gluconic acid and H2O2, leading in cancer cell starvation therapy. In vitro tests show that the Ce6-GOx-MXene nanocomposite is biocompatible and causes considerable cancer cell death when exposed to laser light. Therefore, we developed a multifunctional nanocomposite material that can be used for photothermal/photodynamic therapy/starvation therapy as well as cell fluorescence imaging at the same time. The in vitro findings suggest that multifunctional anticancer agents with higher efficacy could be used in a varous of in vivo applications.

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