研究生: |
郭昭延 Chao-Yen Kuo |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
鋰離子電池預置鋰技術之研究 Research on Prelithiation Technique for Lithium Ion Batteries |
指導教授: |
黃炳照
Bing-Joe Hwang |
口試委員: |
蘇威年
Wei-Nien Su 程敬義 Jim Cherng |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工程學院 - 化學工程系 Department of Chemical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2014 |
畢業學年度: | 102 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 87 |
中文關鍵詞: | 含鋰物質 、預置鋰 、二氧化鈦 、全電池 |
外文關鍵詞: | Lithium Compound, Prelithiation, TiO2, Full Cell |
相關次數: | 點閱:157 下載:6 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究為利用含鋰物質分解出鋰離子的特性,應用於預置鋰的技術上,對全電池充電將分解所得之鋰離子嵌入至全電池負極中,並於放電時將嵌回正極,可將不含鋰離子之正極材料應用於鋰電池系統中。在10 mA/gx電流密度對含鋰物質充電以含鋰物質:導電碳:黏著劑重量比= 30:60:10之組合有最高的轉化率約200 mAh/gmixture及最低的過電位約4 V。再者,以50 mA/gx的電流密度進行充電時間為10 小時內(約0.1 C),電容量約為410 mA/gX,過電位約為4.2 V。接著探討不含鋰之負極材料---二氧化鈦之電化學表現,其在經400oC鍛燒後有最佳之循環壽命,在0.1 C的充放電速率下其可逆電容量約為200 mAh/gTiO2且循環50圈後維持率仍有99%,且在變速率條件下依然有最佳的表現。將含鋰物質與二氧化鈦混合進行半電池測試時,預置鋰放電階段會有副反應發生,其效應尤以將含鋰物質/二氧化鈦正極與石墨化中間相碳微珠(MCMB)負極組成全電池後更為顯著,其會持續消耗鋰離子並影響電化學表現。然將電池在預置鋰充電階段後拆解重組可改善此現象;亦嘗試使用於碳硫複合物系統中,然加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)後碳硫複合物硫與含鋰物質會轉變成Li2SO4•H2O,其形成機制仍須進一步探討。
In this research, the decomposable characteristic of lithium compound into Li+ is applied to prelithiation technique in our research. During full cell charging, Li+ released from lithium compound will intercalate into anode material and return to cathode material during discharging. In this way, non-lithiated cathode material can be applied in the system of lithium ion battery. By charging lithium compound electrode with current density of 10 mA/gx, the weight ratio combination of lithium compound: conductive carbon: binder= 30: 60: 10 stands out to have the best conversion of approximately 200 mAh/gmixture and the lowest overpotential, 4 V. Furthermore, by applying the current density of 50 mA/gx, the charging time is nearly 10 hours, which equals to 0.1 C, and produce 410 mAh/gx. Next, we investigated the electrochemical performance of TiO2, the cathode material we selected, and observed that after being annealed at 400oC, it has the best cycling performance at 0.1 C , of which reversible capacity is 200 mAh/g and the retention is 99% after cycling for 50 cycles, and has the best rate capability. During the half cell test of Lihium compound/TiO2, side reactions occured during discharging period of prelithiation, and the effect is more significant in the full cell of lithium compound/TiO2 and MCMB, which consumes Li+ and affecting electrochemical performance,. After disassembling and reassembling the cell after prelithiation charging process, the phenomenon is improved. We also applied the technique in C/S system, but NMP might cause C/S and lithium compound to react to become Li2SO4•H2O, and the mechanism needs to be further investigated.
1. 李協聰, P2-NaxCo2/3Mn1/3O2層狀化合物之結構與其表面修飾對電池性能增進機制之探討. 口試PPT, 2013.
2. 林振華、林振富, 充電式鋰離子電池之材料與應用.
3. 陳金銘, 電動車動力鋰電池材料技術趨勢. 工研院電子報, 2011.
4. 宏賴科技, 鋰電池種類. 宏賴科技網站.
5. Manthiram, A., et al., Nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Energy & Environmental Science, 2008. 1(6): p. 621-638.
6. Mizushima, K., et al., LixCoO2: A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density. Materials Research Bulletin, 1980. 15(6): p. 783-789.
7. Mukherjee, R., et al., Defect-induced plating of lithium metal within porous graphene networks. Nat Commun, 2014. 5.
8. Hy, S., et al., Direct In situ Observation of Li2O Evolution on Li-Rich High-Capacity Cathode Material, Li[NixLi(1–2x)/3Mn(2–x)/3]O2 (0 ≤ x ≤0.5). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013. 136(3): p. 999-1007.
9. Padhi, A.K., K.S. Nanjundaswamy, and J.B. Goodenough, Phospho‐olivines as Positive‐Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1997. 144(4): p. 1188-1194.
10. Hsu, K.-F., S.-Y. Tsay, and B.-J. Hwang, Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized LiFePO4 cathode materials prepared by a citric acid-based sol-gel route. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2004. 14(17): p. 2690-2695.
11. Lepage, D., et al., A Soft Chemistry Approach to Coating of LiFePO4 with a Conducting Polymer. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011. 50(30): p. 6884-6887.
12. 林素琴, 大好前景-鋰電池材料發展分析. 工研院電子報, 2009.
13. Marom, R., et al., A review of advanced and practical lithium battery materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011. 21(27): p. 9938-9954.
14. 呂學隆, 鋰電池電解液產業在兩岸的發展現況. 工業材料雜誌, 2011. 289.
15. Goodenough, J.B. and Y. Kim, Challenges for rechargeable Li batteries. Chemistry of Materials, 2010. 22(3): p. 587-603.
16. Peled, E., D. Golodnitsky, and G. Ardel, Advanced Model for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Electrodes in Liquid and Polymer Electrolytes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1997. 144(8): p. L208-L210.
17. Li, L., F. Meng, and S. Jin, High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Conversion Cathodes Based on Iron Fluoride Nanowires and Insights into the Conversion Mechanism. Nano Letters, 2012. 12(11): p. 6030-6037.
18. Hong, Y.-S., et al., Amorphous FePO4 as 3 V cathode material for lithium secondary batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2002. 12(6): p. 1870-1874.
19. Yang, Y., et al., Graphene Nanoribbon/V2O5 Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2014. 6(12): p. 9590-9594.
20. Li, Y. and B. Fitch, Effective enhancement of lithium-ion battery performance using SLMP. Electrochemistry Communications, 2011. 13(7): p. 664-667.
21. Jarvis, C.R., et al., A lithium ion cell containing a non-lithiated cathode. Journal of Power Sources, 2005. 146(1–2): p. 331-334.
22. Zheng, S., et al., In Situ Formed Lithium Sulfide/Microporous Carbon Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Nano, 2013. 7(12): p. 10995-11003.
23. Liu, N., et al., Prelithiated Silicon Nanowires as an Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries. ACS Nano, 2011. 5(8): p. 6487-6493.
24. Brückner, J., et al., Carbon-Based Anodes for Lithium Sulfur Full Cells with High Cycle Stability. Advanced Functional Materials, 2014. 24(9): p. 1284-1289.
25. Yang, Y., et al., New Nanostructured Li2S/Silicon Rechargeable Battery with High Specific Energy. Nano Letters, 2010. 10(4): p. 1486-1491.
26. Kim, S.-W., et al., Energy storage in composites of a redox couple host and a lithium ion host. Nano Today, 2012. 7(3): p. 168-173.
27. Ogasawara, T., et al., Rechargeable Li2O2 Electrode for Lithium Batteries. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006. 128(4): p. 1390-1393.
28. Giordani, V., et al., H2O2 Decomposition Reaction as Selecting Tool for Catalysts in Li – O2 Cells. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 2010. 13(12): p. A180-A183.
29. Hu, Y., et al., Size effect of lithium peroxide on charging performance of Li-O2 batteries. Nanoscale, 2014. 6(1): p. 177-180.
30. Choi, N.-S., et al., Tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane-containing electrolytes for electrochemical reversibility of lithium peroxide-based electrodes in lithium–oxygen batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 2013. 225(0): p. 95-100.
31. Hutchings, G.S., Q. Lu, and F. Jiao, Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Nanocrystalline M-TiO2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) Anatase. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2013. 160(3): p. A511-A515.
32. Rai, A.K., et al., Simple synthesis and particle size effects of TiO2 nanoparticle anodes for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 2013. 90(0): p. 112-118.
33. Ali, Z., et al., Design and evaluation of novel Zn doped mesoporous TiO2 based anode material for advanced lithium ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012. 22(34): p. 17625-17629.
34. Wang, Y., B.M. Smarsly, and I. Djerdj, Niobium Doped TiO2 with Mesoporosity and Its Application for Lithium Insertion. Chemistry of Materials, 2010. 22(24): p. 6624-6631.
35. Wang, Y., T. Chen, and Q. Mu, Electrochemical performance of W-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011. 21(16): p. 6006-6013.
36. Ren, Y., et al., Synthesis and Superior Anode Performances of TiO2–Carbon–rGO Composites in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012. 4(9): p. 4776-4780.
37. Myung, S.-T., et al., Black anatase titania enabling ultra high cycling rates for rechargeable lithium batteries. Energy & Environmental Science, 2013. 6(9): p. 2609-2614.
38. Rauh, R.D., et al., A Lithium/Dissolved Sulfur Battery with an Organic Electrolyte. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1979. 126(4): p. 523-527.
39. Yamin, H. and E. Peled, Electrochemistry of a nonaqueous lithium/sulfur cell. Journal of Power Sources, 1983. 9(3): p. 281-287.
40. Ji, X., K.T. Lee, and L.F. Nazar, A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries. Nat Mater, 2009. 8(6): p. 500-506.
41. Ji, X., et al., Stabilizing lithium–sulphur cathodes using polysulphide reservoirs. Nat Commun, 2011. 2: p. 325.
42. Evers, S., T. Yim, and L.F. Nazar, Understanding the Nature of Absorption/Adsorption in Nanoporous Polysulfide Sorbents for the Li–S Battery. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2012. 116(37): p. 19653-19658.
43. Jeddi, K., et al., Stabilizing lithium/sulfur batteries by a composite polymer electrolyte containing mesoporous silica particles. Journal of Power Sources, 2014. 245(0): p. 656-662.
44. Yabuuchi, N., et al., Detailed Studies of a High-Capacity Electrode Material for Rechargeable Batteries, Li2MnO3−LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011. 133(12): p. 4404-4419.
45. Gao, J., et al., Effects of Liquid Electrolytes on the Charge–Discharge Performance of Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemical and in-Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Studies. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011. 115(50): p. 25132-25137.