利用光電效應及其後續衍生之科技加上基礎之光學與生命科學是推動生醫光電科技發展的主要驅力。近來由於表面電漿子的特性可利用成為進入奈米光學領域的重要途徑，其潛力受到研究人員矚目並且在國外亦有應用化的商用儀器問世，因此如何將生化反應與光學感測有效結合，也是現今日趨重要的問題。
表面電漿共振(Surface plasmon resonance, SPR)乃是一種存在於金屬與介電質介面的縱向電荷密度振動激發現象。本論文以稜鏡耦合來產生表面電漿效應，當光入射至鍍有金膜之稜鏡反射後，在某一特定角度或波長下，光之強度與相位會發生劇烈的變化，此一角度稱為共振角度，而波長稱為共振波長。改變介電質層之折射率時，共振波長會產生位移，相位則會產生變化。將此特性應用於表面電漿共振生物感測器具有即時檢驗、免標識、專一性及高靈敏度…等特性，因此可用在生物分子檢測上，對物質進行有效分析檢測微小濃度折射率變化。普遍常用的表面電漿共振量測方式共有四種，角度調制、波長調制、強度調制與相位調制，其中又以相位調制系統於共振角位置其相位最為靈敏，而為了取得反射光相位數據，我們採用寬頻譜光源來進行干涉方式測量。
在本論文中，我們將本實驗室過往垂直光路的SPR量測系統精簡化，改成水平面一致性高度，以省去在調整角度時之線性移動軸的相互補償步驟。而為了確保經過極化調整的p極化光與s極化光之穩定性，我們將極化控制器連接入射端collimator的光纖改採用極化保持光纖(polarization-maintaining optical fiber, PM fiber)以穩定干涉頻譜。同時設計並使用微流道來注入檢體溶液，解決以往本實驗室檢體長時間暴露在空氣中可能造成的誤差，如溶液蒸發導致濃度變化、檢體汙染等問題，如此也能在檢體固定化上保有穩定度，以利量測使用探針(Probe)之微小核醣核酸(miRNA)及流感檢體濃度變化，本論文證實Probe經固定化後能夠確實抓取miRNA及流感合成DNA，並求出靈敏度為0.22491 (rad/(μg/mL))，解析度為2.8517086 μg/mL。

Photoelectric effect and its derivative technologies become one of the major developed projects of biophotonics in recent years. Through the features of surface plasmon, the booming technology from the nanophotonics and computing has not only promoted the life science development but also led the biotechnology progress to a new era.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a physical phenomenon that occurs between the interface of metal and non-conductive material. When a TM polarized light wave is entering a glass prism and satisfying the total internal reflection, the incident light will resonate with the thin metal film which is deposited on the prism and generate the evanescent wave that penetrates into the dielectric layer. When the light is reflected by the prism at a specific angle or wavelength, the optical power will rapidly drop to the minimum because of the resonant effect. In the meantime, the reflected light phase will also change dramatically. This specific angle and wavelength are named resonant angle and resonant wavelength, respectively. When the dielectric layer refractive index is changed, the resonant angle or resonant wavelength will shift, same as the reflected light phase. By applying these features onto biosensing, the real-time, high sensitivity and label-free detection could be demonstrated. Among four common SPR modulation approaches, angle, wavelength, intensity and phase, the phase modulation demonstrates the highest sensitivity. In order to retrieve the reflected light phase, the optical interference system is considered as a good implementation.
In this thesis, we simplify the old SPR system and combine the microfluidic channel to stabilize specimen solution. Then, a superluminescent emitting diode is utilized as the incident light source to generate the s-polarized light and p-polarized light in a common path. The p-polarization will interact and experience an additional optical path from SPR. Furthermore, in order to insure the stability of s- and p-polarized light, we use a polarization-maintaining optical fiber to connect the incident collimator and the polarization controller. Finally, a linear polarizer is implemented to combine two polarizations to illustrate the interference and produces a spectral interferometry-based SPR sensor. We successfully demonstrate the sensitivity of wavelength modulation and phase modulation of influenza DNA and microRNA before and after the probing process. The sensitivity on the phase and wavelength modulation from immobilized probes increases higher than without immobilization.

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