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研究生： Sammy Kiplangat Rotich
Sammy Kiplangat Rotich
論文名稱： 熱噴塗Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5高熵合金塗層的研究
Investigation of Thermal Sprayed Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 High Entropy Alloy Coatings
指導教授： 陳士勛
Shih-Hsun Chen
口試委員: 王朝正
Chaur-Jeng Wang
鄭偉鈞
Wei-Chun Cheng
丘群
Chun Chiu
李志偉
Jyh-Wei Lee
開物
Wu Kai
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2022
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 91
中文關鍵詞： 高熵合金 、Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 、大氣電將熱噴塗技術 、氣體霧化法 、冷噴塗技術 、析出強化
外文關鍵詞： HEAs, Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5, Atmospheric Plasma Spraying, Gas atomization, Cold Spray, Wear Resistance
相關次數： 點閱：172  下載：1 
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  •  上一筆

    • 本篇研究於Al0.5CoCrFeNi2中添加鈦元素，以改善其於塗層型態之硬度和耐磨性等機械性質。採用氣體霧化法製備Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5高熵合金(HEA)粉末，合金粉末具有球形和均勻的元素分佈，依照粒徑進行篩濾後，選擇粒徑為 10-60 和 60-120 µm 合金粉末用於進一步材料分析和合金塗層之表面改質應用。經分析結果指出，合金粉末具有初始的 FCC 結構和少量的 BCC 相，後續將粉末於 1000 ºC 溫度下進行不同持溫時間的退火熱處理，並探討其相變化行為及穩定態時之材料性質。在1000 ℃退火後， Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 合金粉末轉變為固溶體 FCC 基體，有少量 BCC 析出物，其中BCC相經歷有序化過程。10-60 µm合金粉末的初始硬度為 5.329 GPa，經退火 12 小時後呈現出析出強化的效果，硬度顯著提升20%達 6.561 GPa。後續將合金粉末應用於大氣電漿熱噴塗製程，透過控制噴塗參數，調整工作電流從 500 A增加到750 A來改變功率，隨著工作電流的上升，合金塗層的維克氏硬度呈現從 285.3 到 396.7 HV0.3 的增加趨勢。同時，更加利用冷噴塗技術對碳鋼和鋁合金 AA 6061 進行冷噴塗塗層，獲得的硬度為 426.6 HV0.3，比熱噴塗塗層高約 10%，冷噴塗技術中的機械鎖定效應，使冷噴塗塗層與AA 6061基板間的結合強度與碳基板者。經研究指出，透過噴塗過程中的能量控制，可達多元化的應用價值，如冷噴塗與熱噴塗過程使用的噴塗壓力、電漿功率、粉末顆粒的大小等。電漿噴塗塗層在 600 ºC、800 ºC 和 1000 ºC 下熱處理 2 小時表明，析出相之晶體結構由無序 BCC相 轉變為有序 BCC相，同時 FCC主 峰的強度逐漸增加。其中，經800 ºC熱處理後，700 A工作電流所製備之合金塗層硬度由372 HV0.3上升至551 HV0.3，塗層的硬度增加了約48%，塗層硬度的上升與其耐磨性質的表現成正比。本篇研究指出Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5高熵合金粉末特性，由於鈦元素的添加，析出強化顯著地使粉末及其塗層的硬度和耐磨性上升，藉此透過不同噴塗技術與噴塗參數，進而調控合金塗層耐磨性，提供全面性的製程控制與性能表現。

    Adding titanium to Al0.5CoCrFeNi2 improved its mechanical properties, specifically for the hardness and wear resistance. Using gas atomization, we prepared high-entropy (HEA) alloy powders of Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5. For further analysis and coating application processes, sieved powders with particle sizes of 10-60 µm and 60-120 µm gas-atomized powders were chosen. A spherical shape and uniform element distribution were observed in the as-obtained powders. The powders exhibited a minor metastable BCC phase along with an initial FCC structure. Various durations of annealing at 1000 oC were used to characterize the stable state properties of as-atomized powders. As a result of annealing, Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 kept a solid-solution FCC matrix with minor BCC precipitates, in which metastable BCC transformed into ordered BCC. The hardness of as-atomized group 10-60 µm powder was 5.3 GPa, while the annealed powder for 12 hours was 6.5 GPa which is approximately 20% increase in hardness due to precipitation strengthening.
    In plasma sprayed power, the power was varied by increasing current from 500 to 750 A. Increasing the current from 500 to 750 A increased the hardness of plasma-sprayed coatings from 285.3 to 396.7 HV0.3. For cold spraying, both carbon steel and aluminum alloy AA 6061 were sprayed and studied. Mechanical locking effect raised bonding strength in cold-sprayed AA 6061 compared to carbon substrate. Compared to plasma-sprayed coatings, the hardness obtained was 426.6 HV0.3. Plasma power and particle size effect influence properties of plasma-sprayed coating. Plasma sprayed coatings heat treated for 2 hours at 600 ºC, 800 ºC and 1000 ºC showed that the precipitates transformed from disordered BCC phase into ordered BCC phase, while the intensity of the major FCC peaks increased. The coating prepared with 700 A possesses 372 HV0.3 hardness and increased to 551 HV0.3 after heat treatment at 800 ºC which is increased by approximately 48%. The increase of hardness is directly proportional to the wear resistance of the coatings at high spraying power. In this study, properties of Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 HEA powders were discussed and analyzed with the phase transformation. Heat treatments were carried out on HEA coatings, highlighting their suitability for use in a wide variety of wear resistance applications and this due precipitate strengthening played their in hardness and wear resistance.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i ABSTRACT iii List of Figures vii 1.Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Statement of the problem 2 1.3 Objective of the research 2 1.4 Thesis Outline 3 2. Literature Review 5 2.1 Introduction to high entropy alloys 5 2.2 Four high entropy alloys core effects 6 2.2.1 High entropy effect 6 2.2.2 Severe lattice distortion 6 2.2.3 Sluggish diffusion 7 2.2.4 Cocktail effect 8 2.3 Phase formation in high entropy alloys 9 2.3.1 Solid solution formation in high entropy alloys 9 2.3.2 Valence electron concentration in high entropy alloys 12 2.5 Preparation of high entropy alloys by casting 14 2.6 Surface coatings 15 2.6.1 Atmospheric plasma spray process 15 2.6.2 Cold spray 16 2.7.1 Blending 21 2.7.2 Arc melting followed by mechanical milling 21 2.7.3 Mechanically alloyed powders 22 2.7.4 Inert gas atomization 23 2.8 Mechanical properties of thermal sprayed coatings 25 2.9 Heat treatment of thermal sprayed coatings 26 3. Experimental Methods 29 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Powder production process 29 2.2.1 Raw Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 powders 29 3.2.2 Annealed powder 30 3.3 Preparation of plasma-sprayed Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 coatings 30 3.3.1 APS sprayed coatings 30 3.3.2 Cold sprayed coatings 31 3.3.3 Heat treatment 32 3.4 Characterization 32 3.4.1 Microstructural characterization 32 3.4.2 Phase structure 33 3.4.3 Hardness 35 3.4.4 Adhesive strength test 35 3.4.5 Wear resistance 36 4. Results and Discussion 37 4.1 Thermodynamic calculation of Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 high entropy alloy 37 4.2 Characterization of the gas atomized Al0.5CoCrFeNi2Ti0.5 powders 38 4.4 As-sprayed atmospheric plasma sprayed coatings 46 4.5 Cold sprayed Coatings 51 4.6 Heat treated plasma sprayed coatings 55 4.6.1 Phase structure and microstructural characterization 55 4.6.2 Hardness of the heat treated coatings 58 4.6.3 Wear resistance 60 5. Conclusions 65 6. Future Work 66 References 67 List of Published Papers 81

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