由於快速增長的穆斯林人口的高度需求，清真食品已成為最有發展的食品行業之一。清真食品供應鏈中的風險評估，對於保護客戶的權利至關重要。另一方面，中智集可以處理不確定性、不精確性、不一致和模糊性。因此，本研究提出將中智集與Delphi-AHP方法相結合，找出清真食品供應鏈中最顯著的風險，消除傳統方法所帶來的缺失。本研究在印尼的清真食品行業進行了一項研究，其使用兩輪問卷，對八位清真供應鏈專家進行了線上調查，以獲得專家的判斷。中智Delphi階段使用標準選擇（d≥4.6875或C≥50%），共選擇了25個風險因素。中智層次分析法評估了五組風險標準中的排名，即政府和清真權威相關風險（GH）、計畫相關風險（PL）、供應相關風險（S）、生產相關風險（P）和後勤相關風險 (L)，其中GH是最大的風險。子準則的結果顯示，缺乏政府承諾採用清真供應鏈管理（GH3）是清真食品供應鏈中最顯著的風險，排名第一。

Halal food has become one of the most promising food industries due to the high demand from the fast-growing Muslim population. Risk assessment in the Halal food supply chain is essential to protect customers' right. The neutrosophic set can deal with uncertainty, impreciseness, inconsistency, and vagueness. The integration of the neutrosophic set and Delphi-AHP method is proposed to find the most significant risk in the Halal food supply chain and eliminate the disadvantages caused by the conventional method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Halal food industry in Indonesia. An online survey was performed among eight Halal supply chain experts using two-round questionnaires to obtain expert’s judgment. The neutrosophic Delphi stage used the criteria selection (d ≥ 4.6875 or C ≥ 50%) and 25 risk elements were selected. The neutrosophic AHP assessed the rank among five groups of risk criteria, i.e., Governmental and Halal authority-related risk (GH), Planning-related risk (PL), Supply-related risk (S), Production-related risk (P), Logistic-related risk (L). GH is the most significant risk. The result of the sub-criteria shows that lack of government commitment to adopt Halal supply chain management (GH3) is the most significant risk in the Halal food supply chain with the first rank.

REFERENCES
Ab Talib, M. S., & Ai Chin, T. (2018). Halal food standard implementation: are Malaysian firms proactive or reactive? British Food Journal, 120(6), 1330–1343.
Abdel-Basset, M., Manogaran, G., Gamal, A., & Smarandache, F. (2018). A hybrid approach of neutrosophic sets and DEMATEL method for developing supplier selection criteria. Design Automation for Embedded Systems, 22, 257–278.
Abdel-Basset, M., Manogaran, G., Mohamed, M., & Chilamkurti, N. (2018). Three-way decisions based on neutrosophic sets and AHP-QFD framework for supplier selection problem. Future Generation Computer Systems, 89(June), 19–30.
Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, · Mai, Arun, ·, & Sangaiah, K. (2018). Neutrosophic AHP-Delphi Group decision making model based on trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers. 9, 1427–1443.
Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, M., Zhou, Y., & Hezam, I. (2017). Multi-criteria group decision making based on neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process. Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 33(6), 4055–4066.
Abdel-Basset, M., Nabeeh, N. A., El-Ghareeb, H. A., & Aboelfetouh, A. (2020). Utilising neutrosophic theory to solve transition difficulties of IoT-based enterprises. Enterprise Information Systems, 14(9–10), 1304–1324.
Ahmad, A. N., Abdul Rahman, R., Othman, M., & Ungku Zainal Abidin, U. F. (2017). Critical success factors affecting the implementation of halal food management systems: Perspective of halal executives, consultants and auditors. Food Control, 74, 70–78.
Ali, M. H., & Suleiman, N. (2016). Sustainable food production: Insights of Malaysian halal small and medium sized enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 181, 303–314.
Ali, M. H., & Suleiman, N. (2018). Eleven shades of food integrity: A halal supply chain perspective. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 71, 216–224.
Ali, M. H., Tan, K. H., & Ismail, M. D. (2017). A supply chain integrity framework for halal food. British Food Journal, 119(1), 20–38.
Ayyildiz, E., & Taskin Gumus, A. (2021). Pythagorean fuzzy AHP based risk assessment methodology for hazardous material transportation: an application in Istanbul. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(27), 35798–35810.
Azmi, F. R., Musa, H., Chew, B. C., & Jagiripu, I. P. (2021). Supply risk management: A case study of halal food industry in Malaysia. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 9(2), 501–512.
Bolturk, E., & Kahraman, C. (2018). A novel interval-valued neutrosophic AHP with cosine similarity measure. Soft Computing, 22(15), 4941–4958.
Brooks, C., Parr, L., Smith, J. M., Buchanan, D., Snioch, D., & Hebishy, E. (2021). A review of food fraud and food authenticity across the food supply chain, with an examination of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit on food industry. Food Control, 130(April), 108171.
Broumi, S., Bakali, A., Talea, M., Smarandache, F., Uluçay, V., Sahin, M., Dey, A., Dhar, M., Tan, R.-P., Bahnasse, A., & Pramanik, S. (2018). Neutrosophic Sets: An Overview. New Trends in Neutrosophic Theory and Applications, II(April), 32.
Busyra, S. H.I., & Ardi, R. (2020). Risk analysis of upstream halal supply chain in meat industry in indonesia using DEMATEL-based ANP. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2020-Decem, 706–710.
Busyra, S. H. I., & Ardi, R. (2020). A preliminary findings of risk categories in Halal supply chain in Indonesia: upstream level of meat industry. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 260–265.
de Oliveira, U. R., Marins, F. A. S., Rocha, H. M., & Salomon, V. A. P. (2017). The ISO 31000 standard in supply chain risk management. In Journal of Cleaner Production (Vol. 151, pp. 616–633).
Ding, G., Xin, L., Guo, Q., Wei, Y., Li, M., & Liu, X. (2020). Environmental risk assessment approaches for industry park and their applications. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 159, 104844.
Falcón, V. V., Martínez, B. S., & Sánchez, F. C. (2020). Experts’ selection for neutrosophic Delphi method: a case study of hotel activity. Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, 37, 115–124.
Fuseini, A., Wotton, S. B., Knowles, T. G., & Hadley, P. J. (2017). Halal meat fraud and safety issues in the UK: a review in the context of the European Union. Food Ethics 2017 1:2, 1(2), 127–142.
Halawa, A. (2018). Acculturation of halal food to the American food culture through immigration and globalization: A literature review. In Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 53–63).
Haleem, A., Khan, M. I., & Khan, S. (2020). Halal certification, the inadequacy of its adoption, modelling and strategising the efforts. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(2), 393–413.
Hashim, H. I. C., & Shariff, S. M. M. (2016). Halal supply chain management training: issues and challenges. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37(16), 33–38.
Ilbahar, E., Karaşan, A., Cebi, S., & Kahraman, C. (2018). A novel approach to risk assessment for occupational health and safety using Pythagorean fuzzy AHP & fuzzy inference system. Safety Science, 103(July 2017), 124–136.
IMARC. (2020). Halal Food Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2021-2026. IMARC. https://www.imarcgroup.com/halal-food-market
Junaid, M., Xue, Y., Syed, M. W., Li, J. Z., & Ziaullah, M. (2020). A neutrosophic ahp and topsis framework for supply chain risk assessment in automotive industry of Pakistan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1).
Khan, M. I., Haleem, A., & Khan, S. (2018). Defining Halal Supply Chain Management. Supply Chain Forum, 19(2), 122–131.
Khan, M. I., Khan, S., & Haleem, A. (2019). Analysing barriers towards management of Halal supply chain: a BWM approach. Journal of Islamic Marketing.
Khan, M. I., Khan, S., & Haleem, A. (2019). Using integrated weighted IRP-Fuzzy TISM approach towards evaluation of initiatives to harmonise Halal standards. Benchmarking, 26(2), 434–451.
Khan, S., Haleem, A., & Khan, M. I. (2021). Risk management in Halal supply chain: an integrated fuzzy Delphi and DEMATEL approach. Journal of Modelling in Management, 16(1), 172–214.
Khan, S., Haleem, A., Mohd, &, & Khan, I. (2020). Assessment of risk in the management of Halal supply chain using fuzzy BWM method. International Journal, 22(1), 57–73.
Khan, S., Khan, M. I., Haleem, A., & Jami, A. R. (2019). Prioritising the risks in Halal food supply chain: an MCDM approach. Journal of Islamic Marketing.
Kohilavani, W. A. W. N., Yang, T. A., Sifat, S. A. din, & Zzaman, W. (2021). Development of Safe Halal Food Management System (SHFMS). Food Control, 127(March), 108137.
Li, M., Wang, H., Wang, D., Shao, Z., & He, S. (2020). Risk assessment of gas explosion in coal mines based on fuzzy AHP and bayesian network. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 135, 207–218.
Lipka, M., & Hackett, C. (2017). Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group | Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/
Maman, U., Mahbubi, A., & Jie, F. (2018). Halal risk mitigation in the Australian–Indonesian red meat supply chain. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(1), 60–79.
Martuscelli, M., Serio, A., Capezio, O., & Mastrocola, D. (2020). Safety, quality and analytical authentication of halal meat products, with particular emphasis on salami: A review. In Foods (Vol. 9, Issue 8, p. 1111). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
Mohamed, Y. H., Abdul Rahim, A. R., & Ma’aram, A. (2020). The effect of halal supply chain management on halal integrity assurance for the food industry in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing.
Neio Demirci, M., Soon, J. M., & Wallace, C. A. (2016). Positioning food safety in Halal assurance. Food Control, 70, 257–270.
Olya, H. G. T., & Al-ansi, A. (2018). Risk assessment of halal products and services: Implication for tourism industry. Tourism Management, 65, 279–291.
Peng, X., & Dai, J. (2020). A bibliometric analysis of neutrosophic set: two decades review from 1998 to 2017. Artificial Intelligence Review, 53, 199–255.
Rahim, A. F., Abdullah, A., Cahyadi, E. R., Musa, H., & Rizal Sa’ari, J. (2020). Type of risks in halal food supply chain: a literature review The Challenges faced by Public Sector Governance in implementing e-Procurement System: A Case Study of Education Department of Malacca View project multimedia in education View project. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 9(36–42).
Ramli, M. A., Salahudin, A., Imran, M., Razak, A., Ammar, M., Idris, H., Izzul, M., & Zulkepli, S. (2017). Issues on Halal Meat in Malaysian and Indonesian Markets. International Conference On Islam In Malay World VII, 1–16.
Rejeb, A. (2018). Halal Meat Supply Chain Traceability Based on HACCP, Blockchain and Internet of Things. Acta Technica Jaurinensis, 11(1), 0–00.
Rishelin, N., & Ardi, R. (2020). Prioritizing risks of halal meat supply chain in Indonesian downstream sector using DEMATEL-based ANP. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2020-December, 711–715.
Rishelin, Nadya, & Ardi, R. (2020). Halal Supply Chain Risk in Indonesian Downstream Sector. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 266–271.
Saaty, T. L., & Sa˘ Gır Özdemir, M. (2014). How Many Judges Should There Be in a Group ? Ann. Data. Sci, 1(4), 359–368.
Sarwar, A., Zafar, A., & Qadir, A. (2021). Analysis and prioritization of risk factors in the management of Halal supply chain management. Discover Sustainability, 2(1), 30.
Scheibe, K. P., & Blackhurst, J. (2017). Supply chain disruption propagation: a systemic risk and normal accident theory perspective, 56(1–2), 43–59.
Shahdan, I. A., Regenstein, J. M., Shahabuddin, A. S. M., & Rahman, M. T. (2016). Developing control points for halal slaughtering of poultry. Poultry Science, 95(7), 1680–1692.
Shahdan, Intan Azura, Regenstein, J. Mac, & Rahman, M. T. (2017). Critical limits for the control points for halal poultry slaughter. Poultry Science, 96(6), 1970–1981.
Smarandache, F. (1998). Neutrosophy: neutrosophic probability, set, and logic: analytic synthesis & synthetic analysis.
Soon, J. M., Chandia, M., & Regenstein, J. Mac. (2017). Halal integrity in the food supply chain. British Food Journal, 119(1), 39–51.
Thong, N. T., Dat, L. Q., Son, L. H., Hoa, N. D., Ali, M., & Smarandache, F. (2019). Dynamic interval valued neutrosophic set: Modeling decision making in dynamic environments. Computers in Industry, 108, 45–52.
Tieman, M. (2017). Halal risk management: combining robustness and resilience. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8(3), 461–475.
Vafadarnikjoo, A., Mishra, N., Govindan, K., & Chalvatzis, K. (2018). Assessment of consumers’ motivations to purchase a remanufactured product by applying Fuzzy Delphi method and single valued neutrosophic sets. Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 230–244.
Vanany, I., Hua Tan, K., Siswanto, N., Arvitrida, N. I., & Pahlawan, F. M. (2020). Halal six sigma framework for defects reduction. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(4), 776–793.
Vanany, I., Maarif, G. A., & Soon, J. M. (2019). Application of multi-based quality function deployment (QFD) model to improve halal meat industry. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(1), 97–124.
Wahyuni, D., Nasution, A. H., Budiman, I., & Arfidhila, N. (2020). Halal Risk Analysis at Indonesia Slaughterhouses Using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) and House of Risk (HOR) Methods. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1542(1).
Wahyuni, H. C., Vanany, I., & Ciptomulyono, U. (2019). Food Safety and Halal Food Risks in Indonesian Chicken Meat Products: An Exploratory Study. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2019-Decem, 1011–1015.
Wang, H., Zhang, Y., & Sunderraman, R. (2011). Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets. Fuzzy Sets, Rough Sets and Multivalued Operations and Applications, 3(1), 33–39.
Yousaf, S., & Xiucheng, F. (2018). Halal culinary and tourism marketing strategies on government websites: A preliminary analysis. Tourism Management, 68(November 2017), 423–443.