這篇博士論文提供了關於使用靜電紡絲和相轉換技術在製造聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）和鈦酸鋇（BaTiO3）納米桿及薄膜複合材料的效果。在靜電紡絲過程中施加電場會對PVDF納米纖維的形態及相行為產生顯著變化，導致纖維的均勻性提高和直徑減小，以及電活性相的比例改善。根據穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM）的研究分析調查，α相分子在纖維軸上以0.46納米的間距排列。此外，發現β相對於纖維軸的排列是垂直的，且沿a軸的原子距離為0.86納米。另一方面，較高的電壓可以改善纖維中β相的排列，這表明電場強度、分子鏈的方向及納米纖維相行為之間存在直接關係。
研究結果顯示，添加具有鈣鈦礦結構的BaTiO3納米桿可以改善PVDF纖維複合材料的特性。由於表面電荷較高的BT納米桿促進了PVDF中的β相形成，這吸引了極性相並影響其結構和功能性質。這種交互作用涉及將β相PVDF分子鏈沿著c軸排列，與BT桿平行，碳與碳之間的原子間距約為0.26納米。表面電荷有助於將PVDF鏈與BT桿對齊，使氫或氟原子更靠近，並影響β相的取向。圍繞BT納米桿的PVDF β相在界面處產生了層狀結構，增進了極性β相與納米桿之間的接觸。與納米桿相比，非極性α相由於與表面電荷的接觸較少，所以位置更遠。
此外，研究表明，使用相轉換製造的PVDF/BT桿複合材料在機械和介電特性上都有顯著改善。拉伸試驗顯示，隨著BT桿濃度的增加，單層複合材料的拉伸強度增加，而應變降低，表明剛度增加。在純PVDF中，拉伸強度從9.8 MPa增加到含有40 wt% BT的複合材料的24.8 MPa，表明層狀結構增加了強度和柔韌性。這些複合材料的介電和電性質表明現，BT桿顯著增加了多個頻率下的介電常數，並在30 wt% BT達到高峰。在三層結構中的數據支持這些發現，展示了隨著BaTiO3濃度增加，介電常數上升並在40 wt% BT之前顯著下降，表明示BT的影響達到飽和。最後，增加單層和三層PVDF/BaTiO3複合材料中的BT桿含量，提高了電壓輸出，這反映了它們在介電電氣應用方面的潛力。

This Dissertation thesis provides the effects of electrospinning and phase inversion techniques on the manufacturing of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) nanorods and film composites. The application of an electric field during electrospinning produces significant changes in the morphology and also phase behavior of PVDF nanofibers, leading to enhanced uniformity and reduced diameter of the fibers, as well as improved electroactive phase fraction. According to TEM investigation, the -phase molecules align along the fiber axis at a spacing of 0.46 nm. Additionally, the finding of the -phase has a perpendicular orientation to the fiber axis and an a-axis atomic distance of 0.86 nm. On the other hand, a higher voltage improves beta-phase alignment in the fiber, suggesting a direct relationship between electric field strength, molecular chain orientation, and nanofiber phase behavior.
The results of adding BaTiO3 nanorods with a perovskite structure can improve the characteristics of PVDF fiber composites. BT nanorods encourage the β-phase in PVDF due to their high surface charge, which attracts the polar phase and impacts its structural and functional properties. The interaction involves aligning β-phase PVDF molecular chains along the c-axis, parallel to BT rods, with a carbon-to-carbon atomic spacing of about 0.26 nm. The surface charge helps align PVDF chains with BT rods, bringing hydrogen or fluorine atoms closer and affecting β-phase orientation. Surrounding BT nanorods, the PVDF β-phase generates a layered structure at the interface, improving contact between the polar β-phase and the nanorods. Compared to the nanorods, the non-polar α-phase is located further away due to lower contact with surface charges.
Moreover, the study shows that PVDF/BT rod composites, fabricated using phase inversion, display substantial improvements in both mechanical and dielectric properties. Tensile studies demonstrate that single-layer composites with increasing BT rod concentrations had greater tensile strength and lower strain, indicating increased stiffness. Tensile stress increases from 9.8 MPa in pure PVDF to 24.8 MPa in the composite with 40 wt% BT, whereas strain drops from 33% to 13.1%. Tri-layer composites have lower tensile strengths and higher stresses, suggesting that the layered structure increases strength and flexibility. The dielectric and electrical properties of these composites show that BT rods considerably increase the dielectric constant across multiple frequencies, peaking at 30 wt% BT. Supports these findings in a tri-layer setting, exhibiting a dielectric constant that increases with BaTiO3 concentration and peaks before significantly declining at 40 wt% BT, indicating saturation. Lastly, adding BT rods to single-layer and tri-layer PVDF/BaTiO3 composites boosts voltage output, indicating its electrical potential in dielectrical applications.

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