ZigBee是基於IEEE 802.15.4協定的無線個人區域網路，依照ZigBee Pro.標準，ZigBee的路由協議同時採用樹狀路由和Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)網狀路由。然而在AODV網狀路由中，其路由請求封包的發送是採用廣播(Broadcast)的方式，因此這些路由請求封包可能會造成封包的氾濫(Flooding)問題。另外，雖然樹狀路由其複雜度低，且容易實作，但容易產生較長的路徑，因此也消耗了較多的電力與佔用了較多的頻寬，這無疑違背了ZigBee網路的精神。設計符合ZigBee網路精神的路由機制是值得研究議題。
因此我們提出了以ZigBee網路位址協助找尋路由的方法:Address Assisted Routing in ZigBee (AARZ)，利用ZigBee網路位址是以樹狀結構分配的機制，把原本的網路位址換成樹的邏輯位址，選在樹狀結構中距離目的節點最近的鄰居為中繼傳輸點，以此決定路由。
經過模擬發現，AARZ在路徑長度上比樹狀路由要來的低且能有效的接近最短路徑；在整體網路的電力消耗情況、資料產出量、封包遺失率、以及封包到達的時間，都比樹狀路由與AODV表現來的優異。

ZigBee is a protocol for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) based on IEEE 802.15.4. The principles of ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 are low power consumption and low data rate. The routing protocols specified in the ZigBee Pro. Standard are Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing and tree routing. However, AODV finds the route by broadcasting Route Request (RREQ) packets, and causes the flooding problems, which would consume more power and bandwidth. On the other hand, although tree routing has lower complexity and is easier to implement, it may generate longer routes. Therefore, it is important to design a routing protocol which follows the principles of low power and low data rate.
In this thesis, we propose a new routing protocol for ZigBee called Address Assisted Routing in ZigBee (AARZ). AARZ takes advantages of Distributed Address Assignment Mechanism in ZigBee and changes ZigBee addresses into logical positions of tree. AARZ uses the logical position of tree and neighbor table to choose the next hop which is closest to the destination in the logical tree.
The simulations show that AARZ outperforms tree routing for route length. AARZ also gets better performances than AODV and tree routing in terms of data throughput, packet loss, End-to-End delay of delivery and energy consumption.

[1] ZIGBEE SPECIFICATION, ZigBee Alliance, http://www.zigbee.org, January 2008.
[2] C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, and S. Das, “Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing”, in Proc. Second IEEE Workshop Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, 1999.
[3] S. Ni, Y. Tseng, Y. Chen, and J. Chen, “The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network”, in Proc. Ann. ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 151–162, 1999.
[4] B. Williams, and T. Camp, “Comparison of broadcasting techniques for mobile ad hoc networks”, in Proc. 3rd ACM Intl. Symp. on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc). ACM Press, pp. 194–205, 2002.
[5] The Network Simulator – ns-2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[6] A.S. Raul, V.G. Luis, J. Sanchez, and J. R. Gallardo, “IFIP International Federation for Information Processing”, Springer Boston Publisher, pp.191-202, 2007.
[7] Y. R. Hong, J. H. Lee, Y. M. Choi, and J. S. Song, “Low overhead routing algorithm for event reporting in ZigBee-based sensor networks”, International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), Dec. 2008.
[8] A. Bhatia, and P. Kaushik, “A cluster based minimum battery cost AODV routing using multipath route for zigbee”, International Conference on Network(ICON), Dec. 2008.
[9] K. K. Lee, S. H. Kim, and H. S. Park, “Cluster Label-based ZigBee Routing Protocol with High Scalability”, IEEE Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications ( ICSNC ) , Aug. 2007.
[10] K. K. Lee, S. H. Kim, and H. S. Park, “A Mesh Routing Protocol using Cluster Label in the ZigBee Network”, IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Oct. 2006.
[11] F. Cuomo, S. D. Luna, U. Monaco, and T. Melodia, “Routing in ZigBee: Benefits from exploiting the IEEE 802.15.4 association tree”, International Conference Communications (ICC), pp. 3271–3276, June 2007.
[12] K. K. Lee, S. H. Kim, and H. S. Park, “An Effective Broadcast Strategy for Route Discovery in the ZigBee Network”, International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology(ICACT ), Feb. 2008.
[13] D. Rohm, M. Goyal, H. Hosseini, A. Divjak, and Y. Bashir, “A simulation based analysis of the impact of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC parameters on the performance under different traffic loads”, Journal of Mobile Information Systems, vol. 5, pp. 81-99, Nov. 2009.
[14] B. Staehle, T. Hossfeld, M. Kuhnert, and N. Vicari, “A cross-layer approach for enabling low duty cycled ZigBee mesh sensor networks”, 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC). pp. 251-255, May 2008.
[15] A.D. Wood, J.A. Stankovic, and G. Zhou, “DEEJAM: Defeating Energy-Efficient Jamming in IEEE 802.15.4-based Wireless Networks” , 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON). pp. 60-69, June 2007.
[16] K.-Y. Lim, ”A performance analysis of an Ad-hoc ocean sensor network”, Master’s thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, USA., California, December 2006.
[17] S.-C. Ergen, “ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Summary”, http://www.sinemergen.com/zigbee.pdf, September 10, 2004.
[18] D.-P. Agrawal, and Q. - A. Zeng, “Wireless and Mobile Systems, sec. edition”, THOMSON Publisher, pp.136-137, 2006.
[19] M.E.M. Campista, P.M. Esposito, I.M. Moraes, L.H.M. Costa, O.C.M. Duarte, Passos, D.G., de Albuquerque, C.V.N., D.C.M. Saade, and M.G. Rubinstein, “Routing Metrics and Protocols for Wireless Mesh Networks”, Journal of IEEE Network, vol. 22, pp. 6-12, 2008.
[20] T.C. Yang, “Efficient multicast in a ZigBee network”, Master’s thesis, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Taipei, July 2007.
[21] C. Reinisch, W. Kastner, and G. Neugschwandtner, ”Multicast Communication in Wireless Home and Building Automation: ZigBee and DCMP”, IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), pp. 1380-1383, Step. 2007.