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研究生: 阮張榮
Chang-Jung Juan
論文名稱: 有機發光顯示器驅動補償電路與快速量測之研究
Study of the Compensation Circuits and fast measurement for Organic Light Emitting Diode Panels
指導教授: 蔡明忠
Ming-Jong Tsai
口試委員: 吳忠幟
none
鍾國亮
none
唐永新
none
謝冠群
none
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 自動化及控制研究所
Graduate Institute of Automation and Control
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 103
中文關鍵詞: 均勻度補償有機發光顯示器電壓補償驅動壽命量測
外文關鍵詞: Luminance compensation, OLED panel, Voltage compensated Driver., Lifetime Measurement
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摘 要
輕薄短小是現代科技對顯示器的要求。有機發光顯示器即是符合此要求的新型顯示器。常見的平面顯示器包括 LCD,PDP,OLED等技術。有機發光二極體OLED 這項新科技產品,其特點有:無視角問題、色彩飽和、快速的電光反應、自發光等特性,因此可以輕可以薄,因為只有發光處消耗功率,所以此技術更為省電。
當然生產有機發光二極體顯示器的技術仍需不斷的改良,為此我們投入研究相關的生產技術,譬如:規劃一套快速有機發光二極體的品質管控機制,驅動電路的研發,亮度均勻性的改良,以及有機發光二極體的壽命量測系統。
在驅動點亮方面的電路,我們提出了所謂的電壓補償驅動法,以電壓的方式點亮每一個像素,即電壓補償法。在不同的列上有不同的驅動電壓,使得因為透明的導電線路的電壓降被補償,因此可以維持亮度的均勻性,而且電壓型電路的輸出阻抗小。
亮度均勻是平面顯示器的最大問題,無論是液晶顯示器或是有機發光二極體顯示器都深受困擾。我們提出一個所謂的區域性補償亮度表,以預先量測得到的數值,改變各區域的補償比例,使得亮度均勻性由 85%達到接近95%的完美效果。
利用一個精準的電流源系統,一組光電晶體,一套資料收集器,以及以Visual C++發展的監控人機介面軟體,組成壽命量測系統。此系統光量測採用光電晶體,並提出了一個可以克服讀取低信號雜訊比的軟體濾波器,而電流源方面則是採用有迴授控制的電路,因此電流可以維持相當的精準性,所以壽命量測系統具有完善的水準。
缺陷像素的快速檢測系統用來保持被動式有機發光二極體的品質管控,提出以電壓充電曲線判斷法則,快速的檢測顯示器裡每一個像素是否都為完好的顯示狀態,是否符合出貨標準,如此將可保證產品的品質。
有機發光二極體技術僅發展近20年就有如此重大的成就,加上眾所皆知的有機發光平面顯示器諸多優點,人們普遍相信有朝一日此一技術將廣泛的適用在資訊產業,為此我們先期的爲此產業設計生產所需的設備,當然真正的成功之前有許多的障礙必須移除,仍需研究人員與生產機構相互配合才可能讓此一新技術發光發亮。


Abstract
Nowadays, flat panel displays (FPD) almost dominate the information display market as their superior property of dimension. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Plasma Display Panel (PDP), and Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) are FPD technologies. Wide of view-angle, quick response of the photoelectrical, self-emission, thin of thickness and low power consumption are the most attractive characteristics of OLED panels that can overcome drawbacks of LCD and PDP. Therefore, OLED panels could be dominated FPD market in the next decade.
However, some production skills about OLEDs panel must be improved and enhanced in order to reduce its cost for competing with LCD panel. Hence, we have been dedicated in developing quality control of OLEDs panels and a driving controller for showing a uniform picture on OLEDs panels for five years. In addition to, we have already built a lifetime measurement system for evaluating lifetime of OLEDs panels, a fast defect pixel examination system for checking OLEDs pixels, a voltage-compensated driver for lighting pictures on OLEDs panels, and a LUT based controller for removing luminance nonuniformity phenomenon on OLEDs panels.
In driving circuit, we suggest a compensated-voltage type driver for lighting OLEDs panels. The luminance efficiency of the voltage type driver is better than that by the traditional type driver when a PMOLEDs panel is lit on.
A novel compensative controller is also proposed hereby to overcome the problem of luminance non-uniformity. We inserted an area compensated look up table (ACLUT) into display data path; therefore, the display data will be modified by the ACLUT. The uniformity of luminance is improved from 85% to 95% by the ACLUT.
In the lifetime measurement system, which is a computer based system; we proposed a novel filter which suitable for a low signal noise ratio signal and designed a feedback accurate current source.
The defective pixel on OLEDs panels examine system is designed for quality control of PMOLED panels. The theory of the voltage charge response is applied to the system. By mean of data comparing, the defective pixel can be found quickly. Hence, the proposed system is helpful to apply in a mass-volume production line.
Because there are many superior characteristics of OLEDs panel, people believe that OLEDs panels will be widely applied to the information display. However, many barriers must be removed; therefore, it does need the researchers' dedication and continuous investigation in the OLEDs panels field.

目 錄 摘 要 III Abstract IV 誌 謝 V 圖表索引 VIII Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Category of information displays 1 1.2 CRT technology 2 1.2.1 The history of CRT 2 1.2.2 Imaging on a CRT screen 3 1.3 Flat panel technologies 6 1.3.1.1 LCD technologies 6 1.3.1.2 Structure of LCD Panel 7 1.3.1.3 Passive and Active Matrix LCD 10 1.3.1.4 TFT LCD Panel and Color filter 11 1.3.1.5 Generating Colors 12 1.3.2 Principle of PDP display 13 1.3.2.1 The development of PDP 13 1.3.2.2 PDP structure and emission theory 14 1.3.2.3 Comparison of PDP with CRT and LCD 16 1.4 History of Organic Light Emitting Diodes Panels 17 1.5 Motivation and Objectives of this research 18 1.6 Organization of this thesis 19 Chapter 2 Introduction of Organic Light Emitting Diodes Display 20 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 The properties of organic materials 22 2.3 The structure of an OLED pixel 23 2.3.1 Single layered pixel 23 2.3.2 Double layered pixel 24 2.3.3 Multi-layered pixel 25 2.4 The layers of OLED pixel 26 2.4.1 Anode 26 2.4.2 Hole Injection Layer 27 2.4.3 Hole Transport Layer 27 2.4.4 Emitting layer 27 2.4.5 Electron Transport Layer 28 2.4.6 Electron Injection Layer 28 2.4.7 Cathode 29 2.4.8 Substrate 29 2.4.9 Possible materials used in layers of OLED device 29 2.4.10 Glass transition temperature of OLED material 30 2.5 Different OLED panel 30 2.6 Color rendering 33 2.6.1 White light 33 2.6.2 RGB Array 33 2.6.3 Stacked OLED (SOLED) 33 2.6.4 Down conversion 34 2.6.5 Hole blocking layer used in OLED pixel 35 2.7 Passive and Active OLED pixel 35 2.7.1 Passive OLED pixel 35 2.7.2 Active OLED pixel 36 2.8 OLED Lifetime 37 2.9 Power efficiency of OLED pixel 38 2.10 The products of using OLED display 39 Chapter 3 A Voltage-Compensated Driver for Lighting PMOLEDs Panels 42 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Basic concept of OLED panel 42 3.3 Principle of voltage compensation 45 3.4 Hardware Implementation 48 3.5 Experimental Results and Discussion 50 3.6 Conclusion 53 Chapter 4 An Area Compensated Method for Improving Luminance uniformity of Passive Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes Panels 54 4.1 Introduction 54 4.2 Problem definition 55 4.3 Compensation Theory and the controller design 57 4.3.1 Basic Concepts related to Voltage-Compensated Driving of an OLED Pixel 57 4.3.2 Uniformity of the luminance 57 4.3.3 Gray-Level Function 64 4.3.4 Kernel of the Controller 66 4.3.5 Pre-charge Function 67 4.4 Experimental Results and Discussion 68 4.5 Conclusion 71 Chapter 5 Implementation of a Novel System for Measuring the Lifetime of OLED Panels 72 5.1 Introduction 72 5.2 Method of measuring the lifetime of OLED panels 74 5.3 Experimental results 83 5.4 Conclusion 87 Chapter 6 Rapid Quality Measurement System Verified by Examining Electrical Characteristics of Passive Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes panels 88 6.1 Introduction 88 6.2 Examining method 88 6.3 Architecture of examining system 89 6.4 Results and discussion 92 6.5 Conclusion 96 Chapter 7 Conclusion 97 References 99 作者簡介 103

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