飛行安全向來被民航業者視為最重要的指標，因此航空公司每年都投注龐大經費以確保飛行任務能在人、機安全下完成。因為意外事件經常會造成人員傷亡，使得組織付出極高的代價，同時也會重創航空公司的商譽及競爭力。根據過往的研究發現，約有70%以上的飛航事故的發生原因可歸咎於人為因素，因此人為錯誤儼然已成為飛行安全的最大威脅。基此，本研究以「人為因素分析與分類系統(HFACS)」及「人為因素預防矩陣(HFIX)」為基礎，研擬出「人為錯誤預防策略及可執行性評估模式」，俾能協助民航公司預防飛航意外事故的發生。
同時本研究以此模式，就行政院飛航安全委員會網站所提供的78件我國籍民航客機之飛航事故調查報告(事故發生期間介於1999年至2015年)進行研究分析。飛航事故調查報告內容除了詳細說明事故發生的過程及原因外，還有專業事故調查人員所提出改善建議。因此本研究將所蒐集到的634項改善建議，先依「人為因素分析與分類系統」逐條辨識各改善建議對於決策錯誤、技術錯誤、知覺錯誤及違規等四種不安全行為所產生的影響；其次，依「人為因素預防矩陣」分析每項改善建議所屬的途徑，及評估其可行性、可接受性、成本、有效性及可持續性；最後，將上述分析與分類的結果以主成份分析法萃取出策略可執行性，再以層級迴歸分析來探討每項建議事項對不同類型的不安全行為之預防效果，及策略可執行性的調節效果。
研究結果顯示，針對不同類型的不安全行為需依其特性選擇不同的預防策略，其中屬於組織/管理途徑的改善策略能廣泛因應不同類型的不安全行為；屬於技術/工程途徑及人員/組員途徑的改善策略則分別適用於預防知覺錯誤與決策錯誤。此外藉由可行性、可接受性、成本、有效性、持續性等五項指標所評估出來的策略可執行性，對於改善策略在預防不安全行為的效果上具有調節作用。因此本研究認為，透過通用性改善策略難以有效杜絕人為錯誤發生；提升飛行安全之關鍵在於瞭解不同類型人為錯誤之特性，並依組織的人力、物力及財力條件選用可被落實執行的改善策略。

Flight safety is the most crucial standard in the aviation industry, and thus the entire civilian aviation community has committed tremendous resource to satisfy this requirement. Accidents bring substantial cost to organizations because involve human losses and devastate the reputation and competitiveness of any commercial airlines. Given human error is attributed to the causal factors of more than 70% of aviation accidents and has become a major threat on flight operation. To prevent an accident or mishap in air or ground, this research proposed a model, which integrated Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) and Human Factor Intervention Matrix (HFIX), to assist managers of commercial airlines developing human error intervention strategy and measuring its implementability.
This research empirically examines the model by using large longitudinal commercial aviation accident reports of Taiwan. In total 634 safety recommendations were analyzed by utilizing the HFACS framework to identify the intervention target of each safety recommendation, and HFIX framework to identify the intervention approach and mitigation effect of unsafe acts of each safety recommendation. The initial rating results were analyzed by principal component analysis to extract the principal component of strategy implementability and hierarchical regression analysis to reveal the mitigation of unsafe acts by exerting specific safety recommendation and moderation effect of strategy implementability.
Consistent with previous findings and others’ assumptions, the mitigating effects are contingent upon the intervention strategy and unsafe act. In addition, this research finds that the strategies of the organizational/administrative approach influence various unsafe acts, but the strategies of technology/engineering approach and human/crew approach are suitable remedies for perceptual error and decision error, respectively. Furthermore, strategy implementability, which can be appraised by the criteria of feasibility, acceptability, cost, effectiveness, and sustainability, exhibits a moderating effect on the relationship of intervention strategy-unsafe acts. According to the results herein, mitigating broad human errors by systemic remedies is ineffective, unless the targeted human error is comprehensively identified and an appropriate intervention strategy for front-line operators can be directly exerted.

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