隨意式無線網路(Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork，MANETs)，是由一群行動節點(mobile hosts)所組成的無基地台式(Infrastructure-less)的無線網路架構。每個行動節點都可以擔任封包轉送的角色，由於節點所攜帶的能源是有限的，因此能源有效性（energy efficiency）策略變成一個重要的議題。GAF（geographical adaptive fidelity）協定根據連結支配集（connected dominating set，CDS）的概念，設計出以網格為基礎的結構，將整個網路拓樸切割成數個相等的正四邊形網格，稱為虛擬網格（virtual grids），並且在每個網格中只需要一個唯一的節點來參與封包轉送。
本論文旨在提出擴展式能源管理（Spread-out Energy Conservation，SEC）省電協定，採用GAF協定所定義的節點狀態轉移，但捨棄虛擬網格的觀念，假設無線傳輸訊號範圍為R，以0.5R作為節點從發現狀態進入活動狀態的門檻值，向外擴展連結骨幹。另外，若兩最近相鄰節點距離大於0.72R，則此節點也從發現狀態進入活動狀態以加強其連結性。利用SEC中設計的退場機制減少處於活動狀態的節點，以達到延長網路生命時間（network lifetime）。

A MANET（Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork） is an infrastructure-less network consisting of a set mobile hosts. Each mobile host can forward packets for others. Energy efficiency is a critical issue in MANETs since the nodes are energy-limited devices. GAF（geographical adaptive fidelity）protocol derived the grid-based architecture based on the idea of connected dominating set. GAF divides the whole network area into disjoint identical square grids, called virtual grid; in each grid, there is only one node for forwarding packets.
The purpose of this thesis is to propose a spread-out energy conservation protocol (SEC). The SEC protocol adopts the state transition defined by GAF, but without employing virtual grids. We use the half of the radio range R as the threshold for electing as the active nodes, resulting in spreading out of the connected backbone. Furthermore, if two closest neighbors are far away more than 0.72R, the discovery node must be elected as the active node to enhance the connectivity.

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