氣壓式電磁閥已廣泛運用在車輛的各種控制系統中，由於車輛在動態行駛中遭遇突發狀況時需要立即減速或轉向，為了提升其安全性，則必需加快氣壓式電磁閥在作動時的反應速率，進而縮短其反應時間且更有效率地達到作動目標，故電磁閥在作動時需具備極佳之反應速率及穩定性。因此本文將選用應用在車輛控制系統之三口二位氣壓式電磁閥為研究目標，運用知名的計算流體力學分析軟體Fluent，藉其針對電磁閥之穩態與暫態流場結構進行特性分析，且分別討論其流場分佈與缺失，以及針對其壓力反應時間進行估算，並比較壓力反應時間是否符合國際 Tier1車廠規範。然而觀察原始流場分佈後發現，噴嘴出口處至閥芯頂部區壓力甚大，由上述結果推測，此區域之結構設計為影響系統阻抗之關鍵，亦將影響其壓力上升反應時間；因此據以執行流場優化，探討噴嘴直徑以及氣隙距離對於電磁閥性能之影響。完成上述參數之模擬分析後，確認兩者結構設計設計對於電磁閥性能皆有甚大之影響，當噴嘴直徑增大時，其壓力反應時間縮短；當氣隙距離增大時，亦將縮短其壓力反應時間。綜合歸納上述分析後，本文探討之結構設計參數成功地縮短電磁閥作動時之壓力反應時間，並且建立分析改善模式可提供電磁閥設計之重要參考。

Pneumatic solenoid valve has been widely used in the vehicle control systems for meeting the rapid-reaction demand triggered by the dynamic conditions encountered during the driving course of vehicle. For ensuring the safety of human being, the reliable and effective solenoid valve is in great demand to shorten the reaction time and thus becomes the topic of this research. This numerical study chooses a commercial 3/2-way solenoid valve as the reference valve for analyzing its performance. At first, CFD software Fluent is adopted to simulate the steady flow field associated with the valve configuration. Then, the comprehensive flow visualization is implemented to identify the locations of adverse flow patterns, which are critical for proposing the improving alternatives. Accordingly, it is found that a high-pressure region exists in the region between the nozzle exit and the top of spool. Thereafter, a parametric study on the nozzle diameter and the distance between nozzle and spool top is imposed to understand their influences on the pressure response characteristics of valve. Moreover, the unsteady CFD simulation is carried out on the electromagnetic valve to attain the transient characteristics for estimating the pressure response time, which will be compared with international Tier-1 standard later. Consequently, this numerical analysis shows that the pressure response time is reduced for an increasing nozzle diameter and an enlarged distance between the nozzle and the spool. Also, all the valve designs considered here meet with the standard of Tier 1. In conclusion, this work successfully establishes a rigorous and systematic CFD scheme, combined the steady and unsteady simulations, to evaluate the performance of pneumatic solenoid valve. Also, it provides the important information regarding the key design parameters of solenoid valve.

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