In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-rods were fabricated on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified ZnO seeded indium oxide (ITO) substrates. By changing the tail group and growth time of SAM, the nano-rod thickness, diameter as well as optical properties can be controlled effectively. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that, with the optimized growth conditions, the nano-rods are highly crystalline with (002) preferred orientation, which are desirable for solar cell application.
With optimized nano-rods, hybrid polymer solar cells based on ZnO nano-rod/ poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were fabricated. We employed benzoic acid (BA) and C60-propandioic acid (CPA) individually as modifier in the interface of ZnO nano-rod/ P3HT. It is revealed that the short-circuit current (Jsc) of the device can be improved significantly by applying the CPA-SAM, while the BA-SAM enhanced the open circuit voltage (Voc). Mixing-SAMs of CPA and BA in different compositions can improve the Jsc and Voc simultaneously. The power conversion efficiency improved from 0.31% for the device without SAM modification to 0.73% with the interfacial modification using mixing-SAMs in optimized ratio. We attribute the improvement in conversion efficiency to higher charge separation ability and carrier mobility of CPA-SAM and the work function modulation of ZnO surface by the BA-SAM.

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-rods were fabricated on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modified ZnO seeded indium oxide (ITO) substrates. By changing the tail group and growth time of SAM, the nano-rod thickness, diameter as well as optical properties can be controlled effectively. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that, with the optimized growth conditions, the nano-rods are highly crystalline with (002) preferred orientation, which are desirable for solar cell application.
With optimized nano-rods, hybrid polymer solar cells based on ZnO nano-rod/ poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were fabricated. We employed benzoic acid (BA) and C60-propandioic acid (CPA) individually as modifier in the interface of ZnO nano-rod/ P3HT. It is revealed that the short-circuit current (Jsc) of the device can be improved significantly by applying the CPA-SAM, while the BA-SAM enhanced the open circuit voltage (Voc). Mixing-SAMs of CPA and BA in different compositions can improve the Jsc and Voc simultaneously. The power conversion efficiency improved from 0.31% for the device without SAM modification to 0.73% with the interfacial modification using mixing-SAMs in optimized ratio. We attribute the improvement in conversion efficiency to higher charge separation ability and carrier mobility of CPA-SAM and the work function modulation of ZnO surface by the BA-SAM.

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