營建業長年屬高職災行業，依據勞動部重大職災資料顯示，營造業職災死亡千人率遠高於其他產業，且台灣與其他國家長年相比，仍遠高於其他國家。在勞研所109年職災類型統計中，墜落、滾落佔營建業職災的59.61%，是職災類型的大宗，對於墜落的預防應為首要課題。作業位置是墜落職災要因，常發生在屋頂、外牆施工架、鋼構等位置。再者發生墜落的工項多為高空作業，因能給予勞工的休息機會有限，勞工生理負荷相對較高，且時常暴露在熱環境下執行作業，過去職災時序紀錄中，在夏季時落發生率相對較高，凸顯熱危害為墜落職災的要因之一。隨著科技發展，穿戴感測技術逐漸成熟，近來也有研究應用於營建業，可在不影響工作性的情況下測量生理數據。
本研究針對營建業建築工程建構墜落風險評估模式，其中包括兩個風險因子：區域風險和生理風險，再藉由兩個風險因子求得墜落風險值。區域風險：蒐集職安署公布之民國85~105年營建業墜落職災案例，總計1683筆案例1718人，將統計墜落發生時所在位置歸類為危險區域，依照每年職災人數頻率定義危險區域墜落可能性。生理風險：美國勞研所NIOSH開發一種熱危害評估模式RALs/RELs，以代謝熱和綜合溫度熱指數WBGT評估每小時休息/工作建議排程，本研究應用此評估模式，以一小時為評估單位，利用綜合溫度熱指數得到不同程度代謝熱，將其定義為代謝熱負荷嚴重度。最後以光學心率傳感器測量勞工心率值，搭配Malchaire J代謝熱評估模式轉換為代謝熱，依定義之嚴重度，評估勞工的代謝熱負荷風險等級。本研究將危險區域墜落可能性乘以代謝熱負荷嚴重度建構墜落風險評估模式，即時評估勞工墜落風險等級，以利實施風險處置，降低墜落職災的發生。

The construction industry has been a high occupational accident industry for many years. According to the Ministry of Labor's occupational accident data, the death rate of the construction industry is much higher than other industries. Compared with other countries, the death rate in Taiwan is much higher than other countries. In the 2020-year occupational accident type statistics, falling and rolling accounted for 59.61% of occupational accident in the construction industry. It is a largest number of occupational accident, and the prevention of falling should be the primary issue. The work location is the main cause, which often occur on roofs, exterior wall construction frames, steel structures, etc. Most of the works that have fallen are high operations, and the rest opportunities are limited. Laborers’ physiological load is relatively high, and they are often exposed in heat environment. In the past time series records of occupational accidents, the incidence of fall was relatively high in summer, and thermal hazards were one of the main causes of fall.With the development of technology, wearable sensing technology has gradually matured. Recently, research has also been applied to the construction industry to measure physiological data without affecting workability.
This research is aimed create risk evaluation model of fall accident at the construction project. The evaluation model includes two risk factors: location risk and physiological risk, and then obtain the fall risk value. Area risk: Collected cases of occupational accidents in the construction industry from 1996 to 2016 published by the ILOSH. A total of 1,683 cases of 1,718 people were collected. Classifying the location when the fall occurred as a hazardous area, and defining the hazardous area risk level according to the annual occupational accident probability. Physiological risk: NIOSH developed a thermal hazard evaluation model, RALs/RELs, which uses metabolic heat and WBGT to evaluate the hourly rest/work schedule. This research uses this evaluation model and takes one hour as the evaluation. Using WBGT get different levels of physiological risk and then use the optical heart rate sensor to measure the worker's heart rate. Convert heart rate to metabolic heat by Malchaire J evaluation model. Evaluate the severity of worker’s metabolic heat load based on different levels. In this reasearch, the possibility of fall in hazardous areas multiply the severity of metabolic heat load to create fall accident risk evaluation model. Immediately evaluate the worker fall risk level to facilitate risk management and reduce the occurrence of fall accidents.

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