研究生: |
Habtamu Fekadu Etefa Habtamu Fekadu Etefa |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
Photovoltaic Performance of p-type Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells Based on Solid and Flexible Electrode Systems Photovoltaic Performance of p-type Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells Based on Solid and Flexible Electrode Systems |
指導教授: |
今榮東洋子
Toyoko Imae |
口試委員: |
今榮東洋子
王丞浩 Wei-Fang Su 陳志明 |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
應用科技學院 - 應用科技研究所 Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology |
論文出版年: | 2020 |
畢業學年度: | 108 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 149 |
中文關鍵詞: | 氧化鎳 、氧化鎳@碳點複合材料 、碳點 、PV測量 、聚吡咯 、功率轉換效率 、染料敏化太陽能電池 、入射光子轉換效率 、比表面積 、柔性電極 、帶隙 、氧化銦錫 |
外文關鍵詞: | Nickel oxide, PV measurement, carbon dot, nickel oxide@carbon dots composite, power conversion efficiency, dye-sensitized solar cell, Bandgap, Incident photon to current conversion efficiency, specific surface area, flexible electrode, polypyrrole, Indium tin oxide |
相關次數: | 點閱:559 下載:1 |
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摘 要
如今,由於世界各地具有不同的發展潛力,因此需要不同種類的可再生能源,例如地熱能、風能、波浪能、水力發電和光伏。太陽能是大自然的免費禮物,絕對是最容易獲得和最受歡迎的能源之一,其可以解決目前所面臨有限的化石燃料及其帶來公共衛生,環境污染等問題。光伏利用太陽的能量並將其轉化為電能。 因此,染料敏化太陽能電池(DSSCs)的構造使從太陽中捕獲這種自由能成為可能。因此,我們選擇研究基於納米複合材料的光收集系統的改良和電荷分離,以將太陽能有效轉化為可再生能源的研究領域。進一步在這項研究中,研究了碳點(C-dot)對基於氧化鎳納米顆粒(NiO NPs)的DSSCs性能的影響及與N719染料共吸附在p型半導體上的碳點可協同提高太陽能電池的功率轉換效率。
碳點是主要的敏化劑, N719緊密吸附在碳點上,NiO充當正電子轉移的促進劑和電子-空穴複合的抑制劑。將方形(平均大小:11.4 x 16.5 nm)的NiO NP與由檸檬酸(CA)和乙二胺(EDA)合成的碳點混合。然後,使用由碳點與NiO NP的複合物(NiO @ 碳點)組成的光電陰極來測量DSSC的光伏性能。以1.5:1的EDA:CA摩爾比共吸附碳點含量為12.5 wt%的N719敏化劑進行吸附而製成的DSSC達到9.85%(在50m W / cm2的光下為430 nm的光源)功率轉換效率(PCE)。該PCE值遠大於對於分別不含碳點或N719而製備的NiO DSSC獲得的PCE值(2.44或0.152%),結果顯示通過碳點和N719的共同吸附的協同作用。基於NiO@碳點的DSSC的協同增效PCE是由於大量吸附在復合材料上的敏化劑具有較大的比表面積,以及NiO@碳點的工作電極中電荷轉移更快。另外,由於能量轉移,結合在NiO NP上的碳點縮短NiO NP的帶隙,並導致電極中更快的電荷分離。最重要的事實是碳點是主要的敏化劑,N719緊密吸附在碳點上,NiO充當正電子轉移的促進劑和電子-空穴複合的抑制劑。這些結果表明,碳點是DSSC中NiO NP的顯著增強劑,而NiO @碳點是DSSC中有希望的光伏電極材料。
在研究第二部分中,在(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-基)氧基或(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-基)氧羰基(TEMPO)-氧化的存在下纖維素納米纖維(TOCNF),氫氧化鎳(Ni(OH)2)是透過水熱合成法得到之。其成功地合成具有Ni(OH)2(CNF/Ni(OH)2)的纖維素納米纖維(CNF)和具有氧化銦錫(CNFmod/ITO NP)(光電陰極)的改良CNF作為工作電極(WE)基板。帶有吡咯(CNF @ PPY)的CNF(光陽極)由CNF和吡咯(Py)複合材料製成導電聚合物作為對電極(CE)。這兩種電極都是用於DSSC的新型柔性電極。用於WE的製造基板已用於裝載NiO NP和NiO@C-dots,它們有望取代DSSC系統中的ITO/PET或Pt/電極玻璃。我們優化了裝載在CNF/Ni(OH)2基底上的NiO NP的量(150 mg)。CNF/Ni(OH)2和CNFmod/ITO NP導電聚合物對DSSC顯示出了令人鼓舞的結果。與ITO/PET和ITO/玻璃基基材相比,CNF/Ni(OH)2和CNFmod/ITO NP的結果分別為1.25%和1.45%。因此,在進行其他修飾後,結果已顯示在DSSC系統中成功取代ITO/PET或Pt/玻璃電極。
Nowadays, since different parts of the world have different potentials, there is a need for different kinds of renewable energy sources such as geothermal, wind power, wave power, hydropower energy and photovoltaics (solar cells). Solar energy is a free gift of nature and is definitely one of the most accessible sources of energy that can be addressed a potential solution to the environmental issues resulting from the unsustainable use of fossil fuels. So that it is the most popular energy resource for that, it can be used in any of our everyday life. Photovoltaics use the energy of the sun and converts it into electricity. Therefore, the construction of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made it possible to capture this free energy from the sun. In this thesis, the DSSC PCE and its materials applicability have studied. The improvement of light-harvesting systems and charge separation based on nanocomposites for efficient conversion of solar energy to renewable energy is an evolving area of study. Particularly, the effect of carbon dots (C-dots) on the performance of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) based DSSCs was explored in this work. Carbon dots co-adsorbing with N719 dye on p-type semiconductor synergetically enhance the power conversion efficiency of solar cells. Carbon dots are the main sensitizer, and N719 tightly adsorbed on carbon dots and NiO behaves as an accelerator of a positive electron transfer and a restrainer of the electron-hole recombination. The NiO NPs with a rectangular shape (average size: 11.4 x 16.5 nm) were mixed with C-dots, which were synthesized from citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). A photocathode consisting of a composite of C-dots with NiO NPs (NiO@C-dots) was then used to measure the photovoltaic performance of a DSSC. A DSSC fabricated via the adsorption of N719 sensitizer co-adsorbing with a C-dot content of 12.5 wt % at a 1.5:1 EDA: CA molar ratio was achieved a 9.85 % (430 nm of a light source at 50m W/cm2 light of intensity) of power conversion efficiency (PCE). This PCE value was far larger than the PCE value (2.44 or 0.152 %) obtained for a NiO DSSC prepared without the addition of C-dots or N719, respectively, indicating the synergetic effect by the co-adsorption of C-dots and N719. This synergetically higher PCE of the NiO@C-dots-based DSSC was due to the larger amount of sensitizer adsorbed onto the composites with a larger specific surface area and the faster charge transfer in the NiO@C-dots working electrode. In addition, the C-dots bound onto the NiO NPs shorten the bandgap of the NiO NPs due to energy transfer and give rise to faster charge separation in the electrode. The most important fact is that C-dots are the main sensitizer and that N719 tightly adsorbed on C-dots, and NiO behaves as an accelerator of a positive electron transfer and a restrainer of the electron-hole recombination. These results reveal that C-dots are a remarkable enhancer for NiO NPs in DSSCs, and that NiO@C-dots are the promising photovoltaic-electrode materials for DSSCs.
In the second part of this thesis, in the presence of (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxyl or (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxidanyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF), nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2 has prepared hydrothermally. The cellulose nanofiber (CNF) with Ni(OH)2 (CNF/Ni(OH)2) & modified CNF with Indium Tin Oxide (CNFmod/ITO NP) (photocathode) were successfully synthesized as the working electrode (WE) substrates. CNF with polpyrrole (CNF@PPY) (photo-anode) Conductive polymer has prepared as the counter electrode (CE) from the CNF and pyrrole(Py) composite. Both of these electrodes introduced as the new type of flexible electrode for the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The fabricated substrate for WE has used for loading NiO NP and NiO@C-dots, which has expected to replace ITO/PET or Pt/glass of electrode in the DSSC system. The amount of NiO NP loaded on the CNF/Ni(OH)2 substrate was optimized (150 mg). The CNF/Ni(OH)2 and CNFmod/ITO NP conductive polymer has shown a promising results for DSSC. The obtained results 1.25 % and 1.45 % for the CNF/Ni(OH)2 and CNFmod/ITO NP respectively, were remarkable/competitive when compared with ITO/PET and ITO/glass based substrate. Thus, a promising results have been shown to replace instead of ITO/PET or Pt/glass electrode in the DSSC system, after additional modifications.
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