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研究生: 孫孟君
Meng-Jyun Sun
論文名稱: 雷射探頭整合於三軸微定位平台作介觀尺寸工件自動化量測之研究
Automatic measurement of a meso-scale object by integrating a circular triangulation laser probe with a PC-based 3-axis precision stage
指導教授: 修芳仲
Fang-Jung Shiou
口試委員: 李碩仁
Shuo-Jen Lee
林榮慶
Zone-Ching Lin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 機械工程系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 123
中文關鍵詞: 環型三角雷射探頭精密非接觸式介觀尺寸量測系統三次元座標量測儀
外文關鍵詞: non-contact precision measurement system, circular triangulation laser probe, C.M.M.
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  • 本研究主要目的是利用非接觸式環型三角雷射探頭整合於可由個人電腦控制之三軸微定位平台上,以開發出一套精密非接觸式介觀尺寸量測系統,量測系統元件主要包括:環形三角雷射探頭系統、三軸微定位平台及其控制器、旋轉編碼器、功能介面卡及PC等。
    系統建構方面,首先完成雷射探頭固定裝置、測試載具夾治具及旋轉編碼器夾治具等之設計與製造,量測所需的探頭控制指令及平台量測路徑,則可分別經RS232串列通訊埠由PC傳送至雷射探頭控制器以驅動雷射探頭讀值及平台控制器以達到沿X軸作平面往返式路徑掃描來達到自動化量測,其軟體控制方面是以Visual Basic 6.0程式語言發展量測介面以方便操作量測系統,主要包括三軸微定位平台之手動控制單元、平台之原點復歸單元、量測路徑規劃單元、雷射探頭命令控制單元、計數卡設定單元及檔案存檔單元等模組。
    在量測點資料誤差比對方面,將以三次元座標量測儀(C.M.M.)之量測資料作為比對基準,以探討非接觸式探頭量測測試載具之量測誤差,實驗結果得知2D規則幾何形狀、階高及標準霧化鋼球之量測誤差分別約為0.016 mm、0.024 mm及0.033 mm。本系統也實際應用在微小、薄零件之量測上,如手錶內之小齒輪及支撐架和硬幣上。


    The objective of this study is to develop a non-contact precision meso-scale measurement system, in which a circular triangulation laser probe system was integrated with a PC-based 3-axis precision stage, to digitize the 3D profile of a tiny and thin workpiece. The measuring system consists of a personal computer, a 3-axis precision stage system and a circular triangulation laser probe system. Three fixtures were first designed and fabricated, the first one was used to mount the laser probe head on the Z-axis stage, the second one was used to clamp the workpiece on the platform, and the last one was used to connect X-axis stepping motor and the rotary encoder. The information in the whole measuring system, comprising a personal computer, a 3-axis precision stage controller, a rotary encoder, a counter interface card, and a controller of the circular triangulation laser probe, was integrated technically. A set of measuring software programmed with Visual Basic 6.0 language was developed to configure the scanning path, to process the control commands of the laser probe, and to process the digitized data points.
    The measurement errors of the development system were analyzed by digitizing three designed test specimens, which were verified by a CNC coordinate measurement machine (C.M.M.). Based on the analysis results, the measurement error of the stepped specimen was about 0.024 mm, and that of the 2D geometry specimen was about 0.016 mm, and that of the calibrated ball was about 0.033 mm. Finally, the developed system was applied successfully to the measurement of some tiny and thin workpieces, such as a small gear and a support framework of a watch and a coin.

    中文摘要 I Abstract II 致謝 IV 目錄 V 圖索引 IX 表索引 XVI 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機及目的 1 1.2 文獻回顧 3 1.2.1非接觸式量測系統 3 1.2.2 掃描方式 4 1.2.3 點資料前置處理 4 1.3 研究方法與論文結構 5 第二章 精密非接觸式介觀尺寸量測系統之整合與介紹 7 2.1 量測探頭分類介紹 7 2.1.1 接觸式探頭 8 2.1.2 非接觸式探頭 12 2.2 非接觸式三角雷射探頭原理介紹 13 2.3 三軸微定位平台介紹 15 2.4 實驗設備 18 2.5 探頭系統與精密三軸微定位平台及PC之量測系統整合 19 2.5.1 系統簡介 20 2.5.2 掃描路徑規劃方式 22 2.5.3 硬體系統與軟體控制介面之整合 23 2.5.4 雷射探頭固定於主軸之調整裝置設計及校驗結果 30 2.5.5 增量型旋轉編碼器固定於步進馬達之夾治具設計 34 2.5.6 待測小型元件之夾治具設計 36 2.5.7 步進馬達之速度參數對旋轉編碼器的影響 37 2.5.8 精密非接觸式介觀尺寸量測系統之可接受取樣頻率 42 2.5.9 探頭之量測不確定度分析 44 2.5.9.1 系統介紹 44 2.5.9.2 粗糙度 46 2.5.9.3 斜率 47 2.5.9.4 顏色 48 2.5.10 雷射探頭之量測重複性 49 2.5.11 三軸微定位平台精度校驗 51 第三章 三維量測點資料處理之相關理論介紹 55 3.1 點資料平滑化相關計算理論 57 3.2 微分法求取邊界點 60 3.3 低通濾波器 60 3.4 邊緣強化濾波器 62 3.5 以Least squares line 計算直線方程式 62 3.6 最適圓法(Best-Fit Circle Method) 64 3.7 以球之最小平方法計算真球度誤差 65 3.8 量測載具之法向量計算 67 3.8.1 Composite Ferguson Parametric Cubic Spline 67 3.8.2 自由曲面沿法線方向求接觸點之位置 70 第四章 精密非接觸式介觀尺寸量測實驗規劃與誤差比對 72 4.1 量測流程規劃 73 4.2 誤差比對 79 第五章 實驗結果 83 5.1 誤差比對實驗 84 5.2 精密非接觸式介觀尺寸量測系統之應用 96 5.2.1 3D輪廓載具的量測結果 97 5.2.2 應用於手錶內之小齒輪的量測結果與誤差比對 104 5.2.3 應用於手錶內之支撐架的量測結果與誤差比對 107 5.2.4 應用於硬幣的量測結果 113 第六章 結論與未來研究方向 115 6.1 結論 115 6.2 未來研究方向 116 參考文獻 119 作者簡介 123

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