幾丁聚醣被認為具有骨誘導性的材料，故被廣泛的應用於骨再生領域。本研究利用原子力顯微鏡，針對幾丁聚醣所具備的骨誘導性進行探討。利用改質原子力顯微鏡的探針，將幾丁聚醣微粒固定在探針尾端，並利用原子力顯微鏡量化該探針對四種具有不同分化能力的細胞之間的交互作用力，證實幾丁聚醣與骨母細胞間確實存在最大的交互作用力，其次為牙齦纖維母細胞，最後是大鼠骨瘤細胞與肌肉纖維母細胞。
接著將幾丁聚醣製備成的支架浸泡在類人體體液中，製備成複合支架。並利用X光繞射儀、EDS監控不同類人體體液浸泡時間在支架表面沉積層的組成，並利用原子力顯微鏡量測不同類人體體液浸泡時間產生的沉積層與骨母細胞間的交互作用力，以得到不同類人體體液浸泡時間所產生的沉積層具備的骨誘導性。並與細胞實驗、動物實驗做比較，結果顯示浸泡於類人體體液14天後，不論在動物實驗或是細胞時間均可證實，支架表面沉積層內的氫氧基磷灰石，提升了該複合材料的骨誘導性。
為了探討地形因子對細胞生理行為的影響，本研究利用二種能顯示成骨細胞分化的細胞，骨母細胞(osteoblasts)與類骨母細胞(osteogenic cells)培養於溝槽表面，針對細胞的排列性（alignment）、延展性（elongation）、貼附（attachment）、延伸（spreading）、細胞骨架分佈（cytoskeleton distribution）、細胞穿透深度(Penetration depth)、細胞勁度(cell stiffness)及細胞分化（cell differentiation）進行分析。
實驗結果顯示，當溝槽寬度為1-6μm時，溝槽結構會阻礙骨母細胞貼附、延展和增生，而溝槽寬度大於為6μm時卻會促進骨母細胞的貼附、延展等行為。而類骨細胞與骨母細胞在細胞貼附、延伸等部分的表現則不同，類骨細胞在窄溝槽區間均的貼附與延伸行為均會被促進。此外，二種細胞的排列性與延展性均明顯隨著溝槽寬度減少而增加，這指出細胞在溝槽上具有接觸引導（contact guidance）的現象。藉由比較二種細胞的細胞勁度與細胞穿透深度的結果可以確定，細胞本身的機械性質主導了細胞在微溝槽區間的行為表現。本研究亦藉由同時比較細胞骨架免疫染色、原子力顯微鏡與鹼性磷酸酶所得的結果，發現在窄溝槽區間，細胞雙極結構所產生的偽足及肌動蛋白絲具有高度方向性會順著溝槽方向生長，進而提高細胞勁度，並促進細胞分化。

Chitosan, a biocompatible material which has been widely used in the bone tissue engineering, is believed to be with high affinity to osteoblastic cells. This hypothesis was first proved in this research. By using AFM with the chitosan-modified cantilever, the quantitative evaluation of the interforce between chitosan and osteoblastic cells can be carried out. In the last part of this research, the cell attachment and spreading on chitosan substrates were analyzed to further clarify the interactions between cells and chitosan. The results showed that the force between chitosan and osteoblasts or osteoblastic cells was specifically high. Comparatively, the smallest adhesion force appeared between chitosan and muscle fibroblasts, the cell without any osteogenic properties. This result proved that there was a significant interaction existing between chitosan and bone cells, which agreed with the tendency in cell attachment and spreading. The technique developed in this research revealed the adhesion force between chitosan and cells directly and quantitatively. The specific interaction exists between chitosan and osteoblasts which was also first testified in this study.
Chitosan substrates were also treated by simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time to fabricate scaffolds with different osteoconductivity. XRD and EDS were used to identify crystallinity and Ca/P ratios of the biomimetic layer from SBF deposition. The properties of deposition have been proved to be controlled by the time for SBF treatment. In vitro and in vivo tests revealed that with the SBF treatment longer than 14 days, scaffold showed excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. AFM was used in liquid system to quantify the interforce between the biomimetic layer on scaffolds and cells. The results supported that the interforce between cells and scaffolds dominant in the osteoconductivity of scaffolds.
To understand how the topographical cues influence cell behaviors, the microgrooved surfaces were used to culture osteoblasts and osteogenic cells in this study. Osteoblasts were cultured on the grooved surfaces , and then cell alignment, elongation, attachment, spreading, cytoskeleton distribution, penetration depth, stiffness and differentiation were analyzed. The cell alignment and elongation were significantly guided by microgroove patterns and enhanced with the decrease in the groove width. In addition, the organization of actin filaments was visualized by the cytoskeleton immunostaining. On the grooved surface, cells adopted bipolar morphology with few lamellipodia and expressed highly orientated actin filaments along the groove direction. The density as well as orientation degree of actin filaments would be increased with the narrowing of groove width. On the other hand, cells exhibited meshwork of peripheral actin filament with many lamellipodia when they were cultured on flat surface. The attachment, spreading and proliferation of osteoblasts were retarded by the small groove patterns (1-6 m) despite this structure could offer a larger specific area. In contrast, topography with wide grooves promoted the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of osteoblasts. The outcomes were different for osteosarcoma cells where the cell attachment, spreading and proliferation were all promoted by narrow grooves. According to the analysis of cell stiffness and penetration depth, the influences of grooves on cell behaviors would be determined by the mechanical properties of cells. Furthermore, ALPase expression of osteoblasts was notably enhanced by the reduction of groove width. The narrow groove patterns are able to promote osteoblasts differentiation. The results suggested that the cell stiffness would greatly induce the osteogenic differentiation.

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