如今隨著人們日益增長的尋路使用需求，移動尋路走進了人類的視野。使用者與螢幕互動，來觀察和調查移動設備上的地圖，逐而藉此獲得尋路資訊，完成搜尋、探索、規劃等尋路任務。由於移動設備之螢幕大小的限制，尋路相關地圖的內容通常會移出螢幕，導致使用者無法一次獲得所有的地圖尋路資訊。因此尋路輔助設計在互動介面中就變得極為重要。人機互動的學者們認為介面設計會影響其使用性，這進一步影響了使用者獲取尋路資訊的效能。如今，人們不僅想要高效的獲取尋路資訊，並且他們在尋路過程中還希望獲取樂趣、舒適感等積極影響。因此，本研究試圖探討使用者在使用移動設備尋路的過程中，如何透過輔助設計提高使用者的尋路績效、增強使用者介面的積極影響，並且試圖降低使用者在移動尋路中產生的工作負荷。以提供給介面設計工作者和移動尋路的設計人員適當的理論依據與應用指導為目的，並提供有價值的設計建議。

本研究以三個實驗的方法進行探討。意旨在探討使用者使用移動設備尋路的過程中，互動介面和尋路輔助設計對使用者尋路績效與主觀感受的影響。探討移動尋路之互動介面、尋路地圖大小和尋路輔助設計之視覺指引、其響應時間、全覽圖設計、尋路地圖資訊，討論使用者的尋路時間績效、工作負荷、主觀偏好等方面的效應。本研究基於研究現實生活中實用性強、且廣泛應用的移動尋路之議題，透過有效的數據分析和探討，並以先前的研究作為基礎理論和支持，用來增強本研究的可靠度和深度，呈現出有實際效用的實驗結果。

實驗一調查了地圖大小和互動介面對使用移動設備的使用者尋路績效和偏好的影響。檢查了兩種類型的互動式介面(即平移和視孔介面)和三種不同的地圖大小(小，中和大)。結果表明：(1)參與者的尋路績效受到地圖尺寸和互動介面的影響；(2)在歐幾里得距離判斷和路線辨別任務方面，視孔介面表現更為優越；(3)當參與者使用平移介面時，參與者處理地圖部分旋轉任務時，並非總是需要很長的時間才能完成具有較大地圖尺寸的任務；(4)視孔介面的使用性得分被認為高於平均水平，並且對參與者的偏好產生了積極的影響。

實驗二這項研究的目的是透過移動設備上的動態視孔介面來研究視覺指引設計和響應時間對使用者尋路績效的影響。探討了1秒和3秒的響應時間，採用了三種不同的視覺指引設計，即點、短線和邊線。結果表明：(1)不同響應時間的視覺指引會影響參與者的尋路績效；(2)在規劃路線時，邊線視覺指引在1秒的響應時間下表現出更好的結果；(3)當參與者區分目標順序時，3秒的響應時間要比1秒更好。(4)參與者認為邊線視覺指引設計降低了生理需求的負荷。

實驗三探討了使用全覽圖作為尋路輔助設計應用在移動尋路下的三種不同全覽圖的地標數量(0個、14個和28個)和兩種全覽圖形式，即為簡單全覽圖和透明全覽圖。結果表明：(1)參與者的尋路績效受到不同的全覽圖形式和全覽圖地標數量所影響；(2)當參與者尋路需要辨別其目標次序時，較多地標的透明全覽圖獲得更好的尋路績效；(3)尋找單個地標時，含有地標的全覽圖獲得更優良的績效；(4)在使用動態視孔介面尋路下，當簡單全覽圖作為尋路輔助設計時，參與者產生的估計誤差距離更小。

With the increasing demand for daily wayfinding activity, mobile wayfinding, using mobile devices, has been attracting attention. However, due to the limited screen size of mobile devices, the relevant map content is often shifted off-screen, thus increasing the difficulty of wayfinding when viewing maps on mobile devices. Wayfinding aids play a crucial role in interactive interfaces for wayfinding purposes. Human-computer interaction scholars believe that a good user interface design will affect the usability of the user interface, which further affects how easily participants can obtain wayfinding information. Nowadays, people not only want to obtain wayfinding information efficiently, but they also want to experience fun, comfort, and other positive influences during the wayfinding process. Therefore, this study explored how participants can improve their wayfinding performance, and how to enhance the positive impact of the user interface, and reduce the user’s workload during their wayfinding process through using wayfinding aids. Participants in this study interacted with the interface for observation and investigation of maps on mobile devices. They obtained wayfinding information to complete wayfinding tasks such as search, exploration, and route planning. Valuable design suggestions are provided to interface designers and mobile wayfinding designers with an appropriate theoretical basis and application guidance.

This study was conducted based on the research of practical and widely used mobile wayfinding concerns in daily life, using standard quantitative analysis and discussion, and referred to previous research as the basic theory and support to enhance the reliability and depth of this research to ensure practical experimental results. The study consisted of three experiments, with the purpose of examining the effect of the wayfinding aids design of the interactive interface on participants' wayfinding performance and subjective preferences when using a mobile device. The study examined the interactive interface, wayfinding tasks, the map size of mobile wayfinding and visual cues, response time, overview map design, wayfinding information of wayfinding aids design. Besides, the study analyzed participants' wayfinding performance, workload, and subjective preferences.

Experiment 1 investigated the effects of the map size and interactive interface on users’ wayfinding performance and preference by using mobile devices. Two types of interactive interfaces (i.e., panning and peephole interfaces) and three different map sizes (small, medium, and large) are examined. The results showed that: (1) the participants’ wayfinding performance was affected by the map size and interactive interface; (2) the peephole is superior regarding the Euclidean distance judgment and the route recognition task; (3) it does not always take a significantly longer time to complete the task with the larger map size when dealing with the map section rotation task when participants use the panning interface; and (4) the usability scores of the peephole interface were considered above average, and there was a positive impact on the participants’ preferences.

The purpose of experiment 2 was to investigate the effects of visual cue design and response time on users’ wayfinding performance with a dynamic peephole interface on a mobile device. Both 1 s and 3 s response times were examined. Three different visual cue designs, i.e., the dot, short-line, and border-line, were adopted. The results revealed that: (1) Visual cues with different response times can affect users’ wayfinding performance; (2) When planning a route, the border-line visual cues exhibited better outcomes with the 1-s response time; (3) When users distinguished the order of the targets, the 3-s response time had better user performance than 1 s; and (4) Participants perceived lower physical demand with the border-line visual cue design.

Experiment 3 further explored the effects of the forms and the numbers of landmarks on the overview map in the wayfinding aids design. This experiment explored three different numbers of landmarks (0, 14, 28) of overview maps and two forms (simple and transparent) of overview maps. The results showed that: (1) the participants' wayfinding performance was affected by the form and number of the landmark; (2) When distinguishing the landmarks' order, participants gained better performance by using the transparent overview map with landmarks; (3) When searching for a target, participants spent shorter task time using the overview map with landmarks; and (4) By using a simple overview map as a wayfinding aid for the peephole interface, participants estimated less error direction.

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