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研究生： 黃木槤
Richie Estrada
論文名稱： 高靈敏度、快速響應時間和真空蒸鍍小分子有機光電感測器：探索元件之設計和操作機制
High Sensitivity, Rapid Response Time, and Vacuum-Deposited Small Molecule Organic Photodetectors: Exploring Design Rules and Operational Mechanisms of Devices
指導教授： 李志堅
Chih-Chien Lee
劉舜維
Shun-Wei Liu
口試委員: 劉舜維
Shun-Wei Liu
張志豪
Chih-Hao Chang
黃炳綜
Ping-Tsung Huang
黃柏仁
Bohr-Ran Huang
范慶麟
Ching-Lin Fan
李志堅
Chih-Chien Lee
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 電資學院 - 電子工程系
Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering
論文出版年： 2023
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 121
外文關鍵詞： small molecule-based, OPD, NFA, BHJ, Blend ratio
相關次數： 點閱：203  下載：0 
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    • This study reports the small molecule-based organic photodetector (OPD) devices with the active layer that composed-blend of N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) and boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) are acted as an electron donor and non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), respectively. The blend materials of 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) with molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) and fullerene (C60-based) with lithium fluoride (LiF) are structurally utilized as the interlayers, which respectively served as electron and hole blocking layer. For optimization purposes, four blend ratios of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with the variants of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 are proposed in this study. Those blend ratios are comprehensively evaluated to demonstrate the superior OPD performance metrics, such as low dark current density (Jd), high-efficiency photocurrent density (Jph) with high-efficiency, high-specific detectivity (D*), a wide cut-off frequency range (f-3dB), rapid transient photoresponse, and large magnitude linear dynamic range (LDR). In summary, at an applied bias of -5 V, BHJ with the blend ratio of 1:4 demonstrates a dark current density level of 2.017 × 10-9 A cm-2, a photocurrent density level of 6.740 × 10-3 A cm-2, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 60.131% with a responsivity of 0.257 A W-1, a specific detectivity level of 1.011 × 1013 Jones (Jd-based) at a wavelength of 530 nm, a cut-off frequency of 343.962 kHz (oscilloscope-based measurement), the rise/fall time (R/F) of 0.731/0.631 µs (for transient photocurrent) as well as 0.947/0.929 µs (for transient photovoltage) based on a modulated pulse on a frequency of 300 kHz, and a linear dynamic range of 104.199 dB.

    Abstract i Acknowledgement ii Table of Contents iv List of Figures viii List of Tables xi Chapter 1 - Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Overview 7 1.3 Objective 8 1.4 Outline 8 Chapter 2 - Literature Review 10 2.1 Fundamental Knowledge 10 2.2 Research Imprint 16 Chapter 3 - Experimental Details 22 3.1 Materials and Fabrication Protocols 22 3.2 Setup and Measurement Protocols 24 Chapter 4 - Results and Discussion 31 Chapter 5 - Conclusion and Outlook 51 References 52 Appendix A 67 A.1 Transparent Glass, Opaque Glass, and ITO 67 A.2 Ultrasonicator 67 Appendix B 68 B.1 Full Area Masking 68 B.2 Active Area Masking 68 B.3 Cathode Masking 69 Appendix C 70 C.1 Chambers 70 C.2 Control Screen (Organic Chamber) 72 C.3 Control Screen (Metal Chamber) 73 C.4 Control Panel and Thickness Control 74 C.5 Profilometer 75 C.6 Tooling Factor Materials 76 C.7 Main and Elevator Control Screen 77 C.8 Glove Box and Atmospheric Control Panel 78 C.9 Cassette Rack 79 C.10 Epoxy Resin 80 C.11 UV Curing Station 81 Appendix D 82 D.1 Optical Spectrophotometer Measurement System 82 D.2 Surface Scanner Measurement System 82 D.3 Current Density-Voltage and Noise Signal Measurement System 83 D.4 External Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity Measurement System 84 D.5 Equivalent Circuit Measurement System (Dark Conditions) 85 D.6 Equivalent Circuit Measurement System (Exposure Conditions) 85 D.7 Cut-off Frequency and Transient Photoresponse Measurement System 85 D.8 Linear Dynamic Range Measurement System 86 Appendix E 87 E.1 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Setup 87 E.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Setup 88 E.3 LabVIEW Program (Dark Current Density-Voltage) 90 E.4 LabVIEW Program (Photocurrent Density-Voltage) 90 E.5 LabVIEW Program (External Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity) 91 E.6 Newport 818-UV Calibration (Datasheet Page 1 of 3) 92 E.7 Newport 818-UV Calibration (Datasheet Page 2 of 3) 93 E.8 Newport 818-UV Calibration (Datasheet Page 3 of 3) 94 E.9 Impedance Spectroscopy Setup (Unbiased Voltage with Full Frequency Mode) 95 E.10 Impedance Spectroscopy Setup (Voltage Sweep with Single Frequency Mode) 95 E.11 Impedance Spectroscopy Setup (Bias Voltage with Full Frequency Mode) 96 E.12 LabVIEW Program (Noise Current Density) 96 E.13 LabVIEW Program (Linear Dynamic Range) 97 Appendix F 98 F.1 Absorption Spectra 98 F.2 Absorption Coefficient Spectra 98 F.3 Equivalent Circuit, Norton Theorem*), Nyquist Plot, and Thermal Noise Current 99 F.4 Hole-Only Device [ITO (150 nm)/MoO3 (5 nm)/NPB:SubPc (1:X; 30 nm)/MoO3 (5 nm)/Ag (80 nm)] 100 F.5 Electron-Only Device [ITO (150 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/NPB:SubPc (1:X; 30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Ag (80 nm)] 101 F.6 J-V Characteristics (Hole-Only and Electron-Only Devices) 102 Appendix G 103 G.1 Graphical Abstract 103 G.2 Description 103 Appendix H 104 H.1 Autobiography 104 H.2 Publication Journals 106

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