開源NB-IoT之基地台開發｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	何忠穎 Chung-Yin Ho
論文名稱：	開源NB-IoT之基地台開發 Implementation of an open source NB-IoT eNB
指導教授：	鄭瑞光 Ray-Guang Cheng
口試委員:	許獻聰 Shiann-Tsong Sheu 黃琴雅 Chin-Ya Huang 鄭欣明 Shin-Ming Cheng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電資學院 - 電子工程系 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	94
中文關鍵詞：	窄頻物聯網、軟體定義無線電、開放空中介面、物聯網
外文關鍵詞：	OAI, FAPI
相關次數：	點閱：211 下載：20
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下一世代的通訊技術主要以提供多樣化的應用程式和服務為主，這些應用程式和服務著重的面向不只有人，還有物件與機器。在這幾年，數以億計的低複雜度低成本裝置和感測器都連上了網絡，組成一個龐大的系統架構-物聯網。因此，在2016年，3GPP針對IoT市場，標準化了一個新的無線通訊技術，NB-IoT。NB-IoT的特性為大量的連結數量、低複雜度、覆蓋範圍增強還有部署非常彈性，並且保證能與 GSM、GPRS、LTE系統相容。
同時，軟體定義無線電在近年來成為趨勢。由於升級靈活、成本低廉等等優點，在學術界、研究機構、業界都廣泛被納入採用。OAI及為軟體定義無線電裡針對LTE技術社群最大的開源軟體。
此篇論文在基於OAI的平台下，實作NB-IoT。並且論文針對 MAC 層的排程深入探討，使用流程圖、訊息序列圖等等呈現實作過程。

The next generation of mobile radio systems is expected to providing wireless connectivity for a wide range of new applications and services involving not only people but also machines and objects. Within few years, billions of low-cost and low-complexity devices and sensors will be connected to the Internet, forming a converged ecosystem called Internet of Things (IoT). As a result, in 2016, 3GPP standardizes NB-IoT, the new narrowband radio technology developed for the IoT market. Massive connectivity, reduced UE complexity, coverage extension and deployment flexibility are the targets for this new technology, which also ensures harmonious coexistence with current GSM, GPRS and LTE systems.
In parallel, the rise of open-source software combined with Software Defined Radio (SDR) solutions has completely changed radio systems engineering in the late years. These platforms provide testbed for experimental analysis and prototype development enabling researchers to test, validate and measure the performance of new technologies for wireless networks.
This thesis focuses on developing the NB-IoT’s protocol stack on the EURECOM’s open-source software platform OpenAirInterface (OAI). First part of this work aims to implement and integrate NB-IoT’s protocol stack on OAI. After an introduction to the platform architecture, a new code structure and related interfaces are defined, along with a new approach for following the standard invented by 3gpp. A deep analysis on MAC layer scheduling is conducted.
The last part of this thesis addresses the implementation of a multi-vendor platform interface based on Small Cell Forum’s Functional Application Platform Interface (FAPI) standard. A5 configurable and dynamically loadable Interface Module (IF-Module) is designed between OAI’s MAC and PHY layers. This work constitutes a precious starting point to ensure OpenAirInterface interoperability, flexibility and IoT capabilities to face the next generation
of mobile radio technology. This Master thesis project is conducted in collaboration with the Communication Systems Department of EURECOM, a France research institute based in Sophia Antipolis.

Abstract.................................................................................................................................. 4
Table of contents.................................................................................................................... 6
List of figures ........................................................................................................................ 8
List of tables ........................................................................................................................ 11
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 13
1 Background.......................................................................................................... 14
1.1 NB-IoT toward to 5G m-MTC .................................................................... 14
1.2 Function and network Function API............................................................ 15
1.3 NB-IoT background knowledge .................................................................. 16
2 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 41
System Architecture..................................................................................................... 43
1 Overall system architecture of OAI NB-IoT eNB............................................... 43
2 MAC Layer Architecture Design......................................................................... 44
2.1 Modules and data structure.......................................................................... 44
2.2 Southbound I/O Parameters......................................................................... 45
2.3 Northbound I/O Parameters......................................................................... 46
NB-IoT software Implementation on OpenAirInterface ............................................. 47
1 Overall Message Sequent Chart .......................................................................... 47
2 NB-IoT Initialization and Configuration............................................................. 48
2.1 main() - lte-softmodem.c ............................................................................. 48
2.2 init_testing_NB_IoT() - rrc_eNB.c ............................................................. 49
2.3 do_MIB_NB_IoT() - asn1_msg_NB_IoT.c ................................................ 517
2.4 do_SIB1_NB_IoT() - asn1_msg_NB_IoT.c................................................ 52
2.5 do_SIB23_NB_IoT() - asn1_msg_NB_IoT.c.............................................. 54
2.6 rrc_mac_config_req_NB_IoT() - config_NB_IoT.c ................................... 55
2.7 init_mac_NB_IoT() - main_NB_IoT.c ........................................................ 58
3 NB-IoT Interface Module.................................................................................... 60
3.1 phy_config_req_NB_IoT () - IF_Module_L1_primitives_NB_IoT.c ......... 60
3.2 schedule_response_NB_IoT() – IF_Module_L1_primitives_NB_IoT.c..... 61
3.3 UL_indication_NB_IoT() – IF_Module_L2_primitives_NB_IoT.c ........... 64
4 NB-IoT scheduler implementation ...................................................................... 66
4.1 eNB_dlsch_ulsch_scheduler_NB_IoT () – eNB_scheduler_NB_IoT.c ...... 66
4.2 init_RA_NB_IoT() – eNB_scheduler_RA_NB_IoT.c ................................ 68
4.3 schedule_RA_NB_IoT () - eNB_scheduler_RA_NB_IoT.c ....................... 69
4.4 schedule_rar_NB_IoT () – eNB_scheduler_RA_NB_IoT.c........................ 70
4.5 rx_sdu_NB_IoT () – eNB_scheduler_ulsch_NB_IoT.c .............................. 73
4.6 mac_rrc_msg3_ind_NB_IoT () – rrc_eNB.c............................................... 75
4.7 generate_msg4_NB_IoT () – rrc_eNB.c ..................................................... 76
4.8 receive_msg3_NB_IoT () –eNB_scheduler_RA_NB_IoT.c ....................... 77
4.9 schedule_msg4_NB_IoT() – eNB_scheduler_RA_NB_IoT.c .................... 79
4.10 output_handler () – output_handler_NB_IoT.c ........................................... 82
Testing tutorial and demonstration .............................................................................. 84
1 Testing Environment............................................................................................ 84
1.1 eNB & EPC ................................................................................................. 84
1.2 UE................................................................................................................ 84
2 Testing tutorial..................................................................................................... 85
2.1 eNB.............................................................................................................. 858
2.2 UE................................................................................................................ 85
3 Demonstration ..................................................................................................... 88
Conclusion and future works....................................................................................... 92
Reference..................................................................................................................... 93
                                

[1] Ericsson. (2017, Jan) “Evolving LTE to fit the 5G future,” [Online]. Available:
https://www.ericsson.com/en/ericsson-technology-review/archive/2017/evolving-lte-to-fitthe-5g-future
[2] N. Nikaein, M. K. Marina, S. Manickam, A. Dawson, R. Knopp, and C. Bonnet, “Openairinterface: A flexible platform for 5g research,” ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 33– 38, 2014.
[3] R. G. Cheng, R. Knopp, C. Y. Ho, K. H. Hsu, T. J. Liu, W. T. Chen, B. Z. Hsieh, M. Kanj, F. Taburet, and N. Nikaein, “Demo abstract – Design and implementation of an open source NBIoT eNB,” IEEE INFOCOM, April 2018.
[4] L. Feltrin, G. Tsoukaneri, M. Condoluci, C. Buratti, T. Mahmoodi, M. Dohler, and R. Verdone, “Narrowband IoT: A Survey on Downlink and Uplink Perspectives,” IEEE Wireless94 Communications, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 78-86, February 2019.
[5] 5GPPP. (2015, Feb) “5G Vision: The 5G Infrastructure Public-Private Partnership: the next generation of communication networks and services,” [Online]. Available: https://5gppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/5G-Vision-Brochure-v1.pdf
[6] Small Cell Forum, “FAPI and nFAPI specification,” May. 2017.
[7] Cisco, “open-nfapi”, [online]. Available: https://github.com/cisco/open-nFAPI
[8] 3GPP TS 36.331, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA): Radio Resource Control (RRC),” V13.2.0, June. 2016.
[9] Rohde & Schwartz, “Narrowband Internet of Things Whitepaper,” 2016.
[10] 3GPP TS 36.213 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA): Physical layer procedures,” V13.2.0, June. 2016
[11] 3GPP TS 36.211 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA): Physical Channels and modulation,” V13.2.0, June. 2016
[12] 3GPP TS 36.321 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA): Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification,” V13.2.0, June. 2016.
[13] Quectel. (2018). “Quectel BC-95 NB-IoT specification,” [Online] Available:
https://www.quectel.com/UploadFile/Product/Quectel_BC95_NB-IoT_Specification_V1.4.pdf

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