研究生: |
徐均飛 Chun-Fei Hsu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
綜合判斷液化問題的影響因素之研究 A STUDY ON INFLUENCE FACTORS FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE JUDGMENT ON LIQUEFACTION PROBLEMS |
指導教授: |
陳堯中
Yao-Chung Chen 李咸亨 Hsien-Heng Lee |
口試委員: |
倪勝火
Sheng-Huoo Ni 趙紹錚 Sao-Jeng Chao 李咸亨 Hsien-Heng Lee 林宏達 Horn-Da Lin 陳堯中 Yao-Chung Chen |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
工程學院 - 營建工程系 Department of Civil and Construction Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 448 |
中文關鍵詞: | 綜合液化判斷方法 、細粒土壤總體評估法 、滲透係數 、現地抽水試驗 、蘭陽平原 |
外文關鍵詞: | Liquefaction Comprehensive Judgment Method, Fine-grained soil total assessment method, permeability coefficient, in situ pumping test, Lanyang Plain |
相關次數: | 點閱:257 下載:0 |
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目前廣泛使用的土壤液化評估方法,如:Seed et al. (1985)評估法等,應用於實際案例時仍有一些解釋不完整之處,例如:
一、蘭陽平原經常發生五級以上地震,官訂版本以鑽孔數量估算(臺灣世曦,2016),高、中、低度液化潛勢各占69 %、21 %、10 %,若僅估算宜蘭市,則高、中、低度液化潛勢各占78 %、16 %、6 %,但是,近年來宜蘭市卻無土壤液化情況發生。
二、經濟部中央地質調查所委託臺灣世曦於110年度針對臺南美濃地震歷史液化位置進行補充鑽探調查分析發現,安南區惠安街之歷史液化案例與公告潛勢圖有所差異。依設計地震條件繪製公告之土壤液化圖資,安南區惠安街災區為中度潛勢,但實際上該災區已屬高度潛勢區,且已經發生液化沉陷災難。
因此,本研究先以Seed et al. (1985)評估法分析該二處實例之液化理論條件,再整合其他重要影響因子進行綜合判斷。本研究的主要成果為:
一、透過蘭陽平原不液化現象,提出地震歷史、PGA之局部地域性、土壤透水性、黏土厚層和細粒土壤軟化等五項影響因素的綜合液化判斷方法。首先解析蘭陽平原特殊地質條件,因沖積扇地形所形成之湧泉與土壤滲透係數息息相關,並以現地抽水試驗資料與7種滲透係數經驗公式評估出,適用北台灣之滲透係數經驗公式,再採用1980年以來之地震加速度資料,發現近30年來中央氣象局官方紀錄只有一次達291.18 gal (0.297 g),不如官方土壤液化潛勢圖採用的0.32 g。而透水性很好之蘭陽平原地層條件又再降低了液化發生的機率。所以,土壤液化問題沒有想像中嚴重。
二、細粒土壤的液化,對於地震液化分析之整體結果影響極大,不可予以輕忽。以美濃地震為例,臺南市安南區惠安街受害極大,然地調所公布之初級圖資卻為中度液化。本研究提出採用Bray & Sancio (2006)法單筆資料是否液化以及李咸亨等人(2016)建議之總體評估法,達到解析含細粒土壤軟化之地層液化現象。
Currently widely used soil liquefaction assessment methods, such as Seed et al. (1985) assessment method, etc., still have some incomplete explanations when applied to actual cases, for example:
1.Earthquakes of magnitude 5 or above often occur in the Lanyang Plain. The official version is estimated by the number of drill holes (CECI, 2016). High, medium, and low liquefaction potentials account for 69 %, 21 %, and 10 % respectively. If only It is estimated that in Yilan City, high, medium, and low liquefaction potentials account for 78 %, 16 %, and 6 % respectively. However, in recent years, no soil liquefaction has occurred in Yilan City.
2.The Central Geological Survey of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (CGS) commissioned CECI to conduct a supplementary drilling survey in FY110 on the historical liquefaction location of the Taiwan-Nanan earthquake and found that the historical liquefaction case of Huian Street in An-Nan District was different from the announced potential map. The announced soil liquefaction map for the Anan district was based on the design seismic conditions and indicated that the Huian Street area was of moderate potential, but in reality, the area was already of high potential and had already experienced liquefaction subsidence.
Therefore, this study first analyzed the theoretical conditions of liquefaction in these two cases using Seed et al. (1985), and then integrated other important influencing factors to make a comprehensive judgment. The main results of this study are:
1.Through the phenomenon of non-liquefaction in Lanyang Plain, we propose a comprehensive judgment method of five influencing factors such as earthquake history, local locality of PGA, soil permeability, the thick layer of clay, and softening of fine-grained soil. First of all, analyze the special geological condition of Lanyang Plain, because of alluvial fan terrain formed by the gushing spring and soil permeability coefficient is closely related, and evaluate with the data of the local pumping test and seven kinds of permeability coefficient experience formula, and apply the permeability coefficient experience formula of Northern Taiwan, and then use the seismic acceleration data since 1980, and find that only once in the last 30 years the official record of Central Weather Bureau reached 291.18 gal (0.297 g), which is not as good as the 0.32 g used in the official soil liquefaction potential map. And the stratum conditions of the Lanyang Plain with excellent water permeability further reduced the probability of liquefaction. Therefore, the problem of soil liquefaction is not as serious as imagined.
2.The softening of fine-grained soil has a great influence on the overall results of seismic liquefaction analysis and cannot be ignored. Taking the Meinong earthquake as an example, Hui'an Street in Annan District, Tainan City was severely damaged, but the primary maps released by the Geological Survey showed moderate liquefaction. This study proposes to use the method of Bray & Sancio (2006) to determine whether a single piece of data is liquefied and the overall evaluation method proposed by Lee et al. (2016) to analyze the liquefaction phenomenon of stratum softening with fine-grained soil.
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