培養外科醫師除了需要長期扎實的專業知識外，也需要累積大量的實際經驗來進行困難的手術。其訓練方法包括利用大體老師來讓學員們了解完整的人體結構，以及跟隨資深醫師進入手術室學習手術過程。為了彌補大體老師稀少且昂貴的缺點，醫學界早已開始開發醫療模擬器進行教育訓練，但是目前醫療模擬器(虛擬實境、3D列印模型)的真實度和真正人體還是有一段差距。對學員而言，虛擬實境訓練的無實際觸感回饋以及3D列印的擬真性不足都使這些訓練效果感受不夠真實。
本研究與三軍總醫院神經外科合作，由臨床醫師針對腦部與脊椎神經部位進行詳細分析，以3D列印、澆注翻模、電子工程等技術創造出能滿足醫師手術練習需求的仿生模擬器。其模擬器可劃分為兩種: (1)仿生腦模擬器包含頭顱、腦葉、小腦、腦幹以及生長在腦葉裡的腫瘤。學員能夠使用此模擬器模擬從開顱手術到腫瘤切除一系列完整的腦瘤清除手術情境; (2)仿生脊椎模擬器包含脊椎骨、腦膜、生長在脊椎內的腫瘤以及具有訊號回饋的脊髓和神經監測系統。學員能用此模型進行從插針、磨骨到摘除腫瘤一整套的手術訓練，過程中能夠藉由此系統去觀察術中對神經的損害程度，作為判斷整體手術訓練的成效。

Surgeons require not only lengthy and arduous training in professional knowledge but also copious amounts of practical experiences to conduct difficult surgeries and handle emergencies. Neurosurgical interns are currently trained in the intricacies of human anatomy, the assistance of cadavers and experienced surgeons. Unfortunately, cadavers are expensive, difficult to find, and differ greatly from actual patients. Moreover, trainees seldom have the chance to refine their skills through practical experiences. To bridge this gap, medical institutions have utilized medical simulators as part of their education programs. However, most simulators fail to capture the essence of actual surgery, stymying their widespread application. In order to improve the problems, we are collaborating with Director Liu to design the lifelike simulators using 3D printing, molding, casting techniques and electronic engineering, the simulators which are employed as a training tool for neurosurgery trainees, (such as ostectomy or tumor removing from brain lobes and spine). Moreover, the lifelike brain simulator (spine simulator) developed in this study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed physical simulator in preparing trainees for the rigors involved in performing highly delicate surgical operations.

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