在過去十年間，全球均溫以有是以來最快的速度增長。一些研究指出：由於不良的建築設計與全球暖化，在大多數副熱帶與熱帶國家若不使用空調，難以達成熱舒適性。(因此)住宅需要氣候適應之策略。(而)家戶能耗手許多因素支配，包含建築皮層特性與住戶行為。藉由DesignBuilder進行大量的能源參數模擬，本研究調查了兩種脈絡下的建築皮層特性與住戶行為之影響，包含臺北(副熱帶)、雅加達、三寶瓏、蘇拉加達(熱帶)。藉由當今的計算機革命，運行(詳盡分析)與(多學科進階模擬)不再是耗時的任務。能源運算可用於多層級數據分析與可視化，從而使對建築物在不同條件下行為之理解更為簡明。

一些已開發國家採用建築規範與設備標準以減少建築物的總能源需求。然而，綠建築標章(可能)會使住戶困惑，因為理解(其中)每一項類別的意義是(艱鉅的)任務。政府已經頒布了上述幾項家戶節能法規，(但)這些政策是基於普遍性的觀點，而非針對地方特性制定的。(因此)本研究將範圍擴及使用者影響與地方文化，這兩者會直接影響建築平面圖。為了改進現存的節能策略，需要使用者行為的詳細資訊。在本研究的(家戶時間空間使用日誌)問卷調查中，記錄了二十四小時內的個人活動資訊，這些數據包含了完整的個人資訊，如職業與人口結構統計。使用者行為的詳細數據將能改進建築設計。

本研究從能源效率與(節能策略)的角度分析不同的住宅設計。改進建築皮層元素通乘被稱為被動能效策略。被動能效策略對氣象因素高度敏感，因此需要設計者更廣泛的理解氣候因素。本研究的發現將顯著提高建築師、設計師和使用者的意識，使其更願意在前期規劃和設計階段作出最佳的能源決策。(本研究所提出的)研究結果可以透過降低亞熱帶與熱帶氣候之能耗，蟬聲全球性的影響，並將逐步引導向高效能建築與都市永續發展。(建築設計準則)則將幫助建築師與業主更好的理解不同概念對特定建築項目的適應性。

Over the past ten years, the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Some research concludes that in most subtropical and tropical countries, achieving thermal comfort without the use of air conditioning is becoming difficult due to poor building designs and global warming. Climate adaptation strategies are necessary at housing. Energy consumption in the household sector is governed by various factors including the building envelope characteristics and consumer behavior. Using extensive parametric energy simulations by DesignBuilder, this study investigates the impact of building envelope characteristics and consumer behavior of residential building in two climates context: Taipei (Sub-tropical), Jakarta, Semarang, and Surakarta (Tropical). With the current computer revolution, processing exhaustive analysis and multi disciplinary advanced simulation is no longer a time consuming task. The available computation power can be used to provide multi-level data analysis and visualization that simplify the understanding of building’s behavior under different conditions.

Some developed countries apply building codes and appliance standards to reduce total energy demand for buildings. However, the Green Building Label can confuse occupants, since it can be an overwhelming task to understand what each classification means. Several household energy conservation regulations above have been issued by government, and these policies are designed based on a generalized perspective rather than specified to fit local characteristics. This research has extended to user influence and local culture. Both will directly effect to building’s floor plan. In order to improve existing energy conservation strategies, a detailed information of user behavior is needed. In this research TUS (Time Use Survey) has record the information on an individual’s activities during a 24-hour period. This data is completed with personal information such as the individual’s occupation and demographic background. User behaviour with detail information will improve the building design.

This research analyzes various residential building design from an energy efficiency and savings perspective. Improvements to building envelope elements are generally referred as passive energy efficiency strategies. Passive energy efficiency strategies are highly sensitive to meteorological factors and, therefore, require a broader understanding of the climatic factors by a designer. The finding of this research will significantly increase awareness among architects, designers, and users, who are willing to make the best energy saving decisions from the early planning and design stages. The findings presented might have a global impact by decreasing the energy consumption in sub tropical and tropical climate, which will gradually lead to highly energy efficient buildings and sustainable city development. Architectural design guidelines would help architects and owner achieve a better understanding of the applicability of various concepts to their specific building projects.

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