采用部分波纹光栅 (PCG) 的高级高速 MQW 激光器
已成功开发400-Gb/s及以上的DFB结构
互连。具有 PCG 和无源反馈 (PCG-PFL) 的 DFB 激光器
在这里提出来克服以前计划的挑战性问题
具有超短腔的 DFB 激光器或具有无源的集成 DFB 激光器
波导反射器，其受制于较差的散热器和激光解理产率，
由于面反射和外部光反馈导致性能下降。
采用PCG结构，DFB激光器可以保持高单模产率（SMY）
即使在背面有高反射涂层和强烈的反射
集成无源部分。这提供了应用的稳健性
集成无源反射器以重塑调制响应或增强
通过使用光子-光子共振 (PPR) 效应获得 3-dB 带宽。经过
将 PCG-PFL 设计为具有 150-µm 长的激光部分，50-µm 长的无源
截面，以及 30% 的正面反射率，它可以有大约 86% 的 SMY，减少
强度调制响应中的共振峰，以及减少的波形
传输 56-Gbaud/s PAM-4 信号的过冲和下冲。通过使用
更长的无源反射器，增强的带宽 (>60-GHz) 可以通过以下方式实现
PPR 效应。
在这项工作中，我们还通过模拟验证了增强的免疫力
电吸收调制激光器 (EML) 的残余小面反射 (RFR)
在激光部分加入 PCG。用于超高数据速率调制的 EML
受 RFR 的影响，导致输出波形失真，特别是对于多级调制。原件的模式选择和设备性能
众所周知，EML 对刻面相位、光学反馈、
和/或面反射。与 PCG-DFB 结构一起，EML 可以保持
即使具有很强的调制器反射，也具有高 SMY 和出色的品质因数
从 EAM 部分。这提供了将 PCG-DFB 应用于
拉平强度调制响应或改善下的输出波形
大信号调制。通过将 PCG-EML 设计为具有 300 µm 长的激光
部分，175 微米长的光栅部分，100 微米长的调制器部分，以及 ≤10-3
正面反射率，激光可产生约97.3%的SMY，提高
平均 Q 值，降低调制响应中的低频降 (LFD)，
增强的眼图张开度和减少的波形下冲/过冲
传输 56-Gbaud/s 或更高的 PAM-4 信号。通过选择最优
PCG-DFB 的光栅长度和应用非对称 QWS-DFB，
EML 可以在广泛的范围内保持良好的静态和动态性能
线性增益系数。

Advanced high-speed MQW lasers by partially corrugated gratings (PCG)
DFB structure have been successfully developed for 400-Gb/s and above
interconnections. The DFB lasers with PCG and passive feedback (PCG-PFL)
are proposed here to overcome the challenging issues for the former schemes of
DFB lasers with ultrashort cavities or integrated DFB lasers with passive
waveguide reflectors, which suffers from poor heatsink and laser cleavage yield,
performance degradation due to the facet reflection and external optical feedback.
With PCG structure, the DFB lasers can maintain high single-mode yield (SMY)
even with a high-reflection-coating on the rear facet and strong reflection from
the integrated passive section. This provides the robustness in applying the
integrated passive reflector to reshape the modulation response or to enhance the
3-dB bandwidth by using the photon-photon resonance (PPR) effect. By
designing the PCG-PFL to have 150-µm long laser section, 50-µm long passive
section, and 30% front-facet reflectivity, it can have about 86% of SMY, reduced
resonant peak in the intensity modulation response, and reduced waveform
overshoot and undershoot for transmitting 56-Gbaud/s PAM-4 signals. By using
a longer passive reflector, enhanced bandwidth (>60-GHz) can be achieved by
the PPR effect.
In this work, we also verified by simulation the enhanced immunity to
residual facet reflection (RFR) for electroabsorption modulated lasers (EMLs) by
incorporating PCG in the laser section. EMLs for ultra-high data rate modulation
is subject to the RFR that causes output waveform distortion, especially for multi-level modulation. The mode selection and device performance of an original
EML is well known to be very sensitive to the facet phases, optical feedback,
and/or facet reflections. Along with PCG-DFB structure, the EMLs can maintain
high SMY and an excellent quality factor even with a strong modulator reflection
from EAM section. This provides the robustness in applying the PCG-DFB to
flatten intensity modulation response or to improve the output waveform under
large signal modulation. By scheming PCG-EML to have 300-µm long laser
section, 175-µm long grating section, 100-µm long modulator section, and ≤10-3
front-facet reflectivity, the laser can produce about 97.3% SMY, improved
average Q-value, reduced low frequency drop (LFD) in the modulation response,
enhanced eye-opening, and reduced waveform undershoot/overshoot for
transmitting 56-Gbaud/s or beyond PAM-4 signals. By choosing the optimal
grating length for the PCG-DFB and applying an asymmetric QWS-DFB, the
EMLs can maintain good static- and dynamic performances over a wide range of
the linear gain coefficients.

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