創新之於環境變化快速的二十一世紀，是個常常被提及的名詞，小至於個人，大至於一個國家，都喜歡把創新放在規劃的目標之中。在企業、組織面臨到的競爭越來越激烈的情況下，創新即為是否持有競爭優勢，以便讓企業組織永續經營的關鍵之一。無論是哪一種創新，最原來的創新構想皆來自於「人」，也就是員工身上而來。所以企業組織創新的第一步便是先有創新的員工，才能產生出創新競爭優勢。然而，大部份的人只知其果，而不知其因，於是開始有許多學者著手研究創新的領域。

過往的研究發現認知風格以及問題解決型態能夠影響個人創新行為，而Alexa J. Lamm(2012)的研究指出認知風格能夠對問題解決型態產生影響，因此本研究延續其概念，探討問題解決型態是否在認知風格對於個人創新行為之間具有中介效果，此亦為本研究之重點。

Innovation is a term which be mentioned frequently in now days. From person to a nation, innovation always to be one of their goal. When enterprise faces the situation of the fierce competition, innovation are the emphasis of operating for sustainable development or holding a competitive advantage. No matter what kind of innovation, the most original and creative idea are from the "people".In order to get competitive advantage, the first step enterprise should do is to get creative employees. But most of people didn’t really know how to become innovative. Since that lots of scholars begin to investigate the field of innovation.

Past studies have found that cognitive style and problem-solving style can affect individual innovation behavior. The research of Alexa J. Lamm(2012) indicates that cognitive style can have an impact on problem solving style. Therefore this study try to go on the concept of Alexa J. Lamm’s study, discuss whether the problem-solving style be mediator between cognitive style and individual innovation behavior.

參考文獻
中文部分
許鈺慧 (2012)。認知風格、創業熱情對創業意圖之影響－以創業警覺性為中介變數。

徐淑如、蔡鴻銘 (2008)。知識管理對個人創新績效的影響－以數位內容開發人員為對象。

田靜婷 (2005)。探討認知型態在員工心理契約與創新行為關係間之干擾效果。

李宗倫 (2004)。個人創造力歷程之研究—動機理論之整合觀點。

陳盈臻 (民98)。高科技產業研發人員之工作特性與創造立人格特質對個人創新績效之研究─以幸福感為中介變項。

陳俊儒 (民95)。個人特性、人力資源管理活動與創新績效關係之多層級探討。

徐聯恩、田文彬 (2002)。認知風格與創新。

陳宜文 (民94)。設計師認知風格對團隊溝通與問題解決的影響。

王維銘 (民93)。組織創新氣候與個人創新行為關係之研究。

黃致凱 (民93)。創新氣候知覺、個人創新行為、自我效能知覺與問題解決型態關係之研究─以銀行業為研究對象。

李佳倫 (民92)。主管與員工認知、溝通風格之相似性對員工溝通滿足、工作滿足、工作績效、與離職傾向的影響。

英文部分
Armstrong, S.J. and Sadler-Smith, E. (2006), “Cognitive style and its relevance for the management of careers”, paper presented at the 66th Academy of Management Conference, Atlanta, GA, 11-16 August.

Armstrong, S.J. and Sadler-Smith, E. (2006), “Cognitive style and its relevance for the management of careers”, paper presented at the 66th Academy of Management Conference, Atlanta, GA, 11-16 August.

Allinson, C. W., & Hayes, J. (1996). The cognitive style index: A measure of intuition‐analysis for organizational research. Journal of Management studies, 33(1), 119-135.

Berr, S.A., Church, A.H. and Waclawski, J. (2000), “The right personality is everything: linking personality preferences to managerial behaviors”, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 133-57.

Bransford, J., & Stein, B.S. (1984). The IDEAL problem solver: A guide for improving thinking, learning, and creativity. New York: W.H. Freeman. Bryson, M., Bereiter, C., Scardamalia, M., & Joram, E. (1991). Going beyond the problem as given: Problem solving in expert and novice writers. In R.J. Sternberg & P.A. Frensch (Eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles and mechanisms (pp. 61-84). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Collins, F. (2001). The effects of reward schemes, individualism-collectivism, and intrinsic motivation on teams' creative performance.

Cunningham, S., & Higgs, P. (2009). Measuring creative employment: Implications for innovation policy. Innovation: management, policy & practice, 11(2), 190-200.

Cools, E., & Broeck, H. V. D. (2008). Cognitive styles and managerial behaviour: a qualitative study. Education+ Training, 50(2), 103-114.

Chan, D. (1996). Cognitive misfit of problem-solving style at work: A facet of person-organization fit. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 68(3), 194-207.

Dominowski, R. L., & Dallob, P. (1995). Insight and problem solving. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 33-62). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Dominowski, R. L. (1995). Productive problem solving. In S. M. Smith, T. B. Ward, et al. (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 73-95). Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.

Galle’n, T. (2006), “Managers and strategic decisions: does the cognitive style matter?”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 118-33.

Hough, J.R. and Ogilvie, D.T. (2005), “An empirical test of cognitive style and strategic decision outcomes”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 42 No. 2, pp. 417-48.

Hayes, J., & Allinson, C. W. (1998). Cognitive style and the theory and practice of individual and collective learning in organizations. Human relations, 51(7), 847-871.

Jonassen, D. H. (2000). Toward a design theory of problem solving. Educational technology research and development, 48(4), 63-85.

Kirton, M.J. (2003), Adaption-Innovation in the Context of Diversity and Change, Routledge, New York, NY.

Kurtenbach, J. (2000). Problem-solving style and success in accounting curricula. Advances in Accounting Education, 2, 219-234.

Kirton, M. J.(1980). Adaptors and innovators: cognitive style and personality. Human Relations, 3, 213-214.

Leonard, N.H., Scholl, R.W. and Kowalski, K.B. (1999), “Information processing style and decision making”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 407-20.

Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(6), 1122.

Meneely, J., & Portillo, M. (2005). The adaptable mind in design: relating personality, cognitive style, and creative performance. Creativity Research Journal, 17, 155–166.

Martinsen, O., & Kaufmann, G. (1999). Cognitive style and creativity. In M. Runco & S. Pritsker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity, (Vol 1, pp. 273–282). New York: Academic Press.

Martinsen, O., & Kaufmann, G. (1991). Effect of imagery, strategy, and individual differences in solving insight problems. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 35, 69–76.

Priola, V., Smith, J.L. and Armstrong, S.J. (2004), “Group work and cognitive style: a discursive investigation”, Small Group Research, Vol. 35 No. 5, pp. 565-95.

Ray, D. K. (2007). Impact of group member creative style on creative problem solving process in a technology-mediated environment. ProQuest.

Rayner, S. (2006), “What next? Developing global research and applied practice in the field of cognitive and learning styles”, in Lassen, L., Bostrom, L. and Evans, C. (Eds), Enabling Lifelong Learning in Education, Training and Development, Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the European Learning Styles Information Network, University of Oslo, Oslo (CD-ROM).

Runco, M., & Sakamoto, S. (2003). Experimental studies of creativity. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 62–92). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Raidl, M. H., & Lubart, T. (2001). An empirical study of intuition and creativity. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 20, 217–230.

Raidl, M. H., & Lubart, T. (2001). An empirical study of intuition and creativity. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 20, 217–230.

Runco, M. A., & Chand, I. (1995). Cognition and creativity. Educational psychology review, 7(3), 243-267.

Shalley, C. E. (2008). Team cognition: The importance of team process and composition for the creative problem-solving process. Research in Multi Level Issues, 7, 289-304.

Suvagondha, P. (2003). Relationships among creative style preference, job satisfaction, and work environment.

Steele, D. M. (2003). The Influence of Cognitive Style of Insight Problem Solving.

Stoyanov, S., & Kirschner, P. (2007). Effect of Problem Solving Support and Cognitive Styles on Idea Generation: Implications for Technology-Enhanced Learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 40(1).

Sadler-Smith, E. (1998), “Cognitive style: some human resource implications for managers”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 185-202.

Vehar, J., Miller, B., & Firestien, R. (1999). Creativity unbound: An introduction to creative problem solving (2nd ed.). Williamsville, NY: Innovation Systems Group.

Wang, Y., & Chiew, V. (2010). On the cognitive process of human problem solving. Cognitive Systems Research, 11(1), 81-92.

Wang, Y., & Ruhe, G. (2007). The cognitive process of decision making. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence, 1(2), 73–85.

Weisberg, R. (2003). Creativity and knowledge. In J. Davidson & R. Sternberg (Eds.), The Psychology of problem solving (pp. 226–250). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wenke, D., & Frensch, P. (2003). Is success or failure at solving complex problems related to intellectual ability? In J. Davidson & R. Sternberg (Eds.), The psychology of problem solving (pp. 87–126). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wang, Y. (2002b). Keynote, on cognitive informatics. Proceedings of the 1st IEEE international conference on cognitive informatics (ICCI’02). Calgary, Canada: IEEE CS Press (pp. 34–42).

Witkin, H.A., Moore, C.A., Goodenough, D.R. and Cox, P.W. (1977), “Field-dependent and field-independent cognitive styles and their educational implications”, Review of Educational Research, Vol. 47 No. 1, pp. 1-64.

Zhong, N. (2006). Impending brain informatics research from web intelligence perspective. International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, 5(4), 713–728.