用於腐蝕介質中穩健的雙功能氫氧化反應（HOR）和析氫反應（HER）的非貴金屬催化劑的設計和開發面臨嚴峻的挑戰。為了規避這些挑戰，本文報告了兩項新穎的研究。在第一項研究中，透過表面重構調製的鎳修飾的(TiO2)奈米管陣列在鹼性和海水介質中表現出高效的析氫能力。表面重建顯示在鎳奈米結構上生成反應性表面中間體 Ni(OH)2 和 NiOOH。所開發的電催化劑在 1.0 M KOH 電解質中表現出 126 mV 的低 HER 過電位，在海水溶液中表現出 127 mV 的低 HER 過電位，優於商用 Pt/C 催化劑。電極在海水溶液中的長期耐用性可達100小時，為替代腐蝕環境中的鉑族金屬催化劑提供了堅固、耐腐蝕且廉價的材料選擇。
在第二項研究中，透過電化學調諧增強CoSe2/CeO2奈米複合催化劑的吸附/解吸行為
，以實現酸中穩健的雙功能 HOR和HER。電化學調諧導致電極表面形成Ce3+, Co3+
和氧空位，從而調節其電子結構。Ce3+和Co3+這兩種物質被認為是氫物質吸附/解吸的活性位點。 所開發的 t-CoSe2/CeO2 催化劑在 0.5 M H2SO4 電解質中對 HOR 和 HER表現出令人驚嘆的電活性，抑制了 Pt/C電催化劑的電活性。
此外，開發的電極在嚴苛的酸性介質中具有良好的 HOR/HER 穩定性。這項研究表明
，操縱CoSe2/CeO2奈米複合材料的電子結構和表面缺陷密度可以為替代酸中氫氧化/放出反應的貴重催化劑提供有希望的見解。

The design and development of non-precious metal catalysts for robust bifunctional hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in corrosive media are seriously challenged. Herein, two novel studies are reported in order to circumvent these challenges. In the first study, the nickel-decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays modulated by surface reconstruction exhibit the efficient hydrogen production in the alkaline and corrosive chloride environments. The surface reconstruction process is shown to generate reactive surface intermediates, nickel hydroxide and nickel oxy-hydroxide, over nickel nanostructures. The developed electrocatalyst exhibits a low HER overpotentials of 126 mV in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte and 127 mV in seawater solution, outperforming the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The long-term durability of electrode in seawater solution for 100 hours proposes a robust, corrosion resistive and cheap material choice for replacing the platinum group metals-based catalysts in corrosive environments.
In the second research, the adsorption/desorption behavior of CoSe2/CeO2 nanocomposite catalyst is enhanced by electrochemical tuning for robust bifunctional HOR and HER in acid. The electrochemical tuning results in formation of Ce3+, Co3+ and oxygen vacancies on the surface of electrode, regulating its electronic structure. The two species of Ce3+ and Co3+ are considered as active sites for the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen species. The developed t-CoSe2/CeO2 catalyst illustrates an admirable electroactivity towards HOR and HER in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte, suppressing the electroactivity of Pt/C electrocatalyst. Furthermore, the developed electrode delivers favorable HOR/HER stability in harsh acidic media. This study suggests that manipulating the electronic structure and surface defect density of CoSe2/CeO2 nanocomposite could deliver promising insights for replacing precious catalysts for hydrogen oxidation/evolution reactions in acid.

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