簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 羅歡旼
Juan Miguel Rodríguez Salomón
論文名稱: 我的英語之旅:自我民族誌研究
My Sailing Journey with the English Language: An Autoethnographic Study
指導教授: 陳安頎
An-Chi Chen
口試委員: 鄧慧君
Huei-Chun Teng
陳建翰
Chien-Han Chen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 人文社會學院 - 應用外語系
Department of Applied Foreign Languages
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 202
中文關鍵詞: 英語作為外語語言帝國主義批判性語言意識自我民族誌敘事調查
外文關鍵詞: English as a foreign language, Linguistic imperialism, Critical language awareness, Autoethnography, Narrative inquiry
相關次數: 點閱:254下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 英語教育體系的全球在地化,源於帝國主義在全世界語言教育中的統治地位。在先前的自我民族誌研究中,作者們敘述了自己身為英語為外語學習者和教師的個人經歷。本研究旨在進一步傳達多地域和多元文化環境中,以英語作為外語的教學和學習經驗,並透過批判性語言意識的發展,去深入探討資本主義英語教育制度的帝國主義內涵。本文為一個以社會經濟和語言教育理論作為框架的敘事研究,本自我民族誌主要是探究並檢視研究者/敘事者本人,以英語為外語學習和教學的墨西哥、巴西、南韓和台灣這些國家所產生的質化敘事數據與深刻頓悟。這些敘述的分析結果闡明了英語語言帝國主義存在的涵義,這也塑造了身為一個具有批判意識學習者的研究者,最終沒有繼續想要從事以英語作為外語的教學工作的覺悟。研究結果從經驗上證明,資本主義對英語教育制度之負面影響和不尊重是一種 “不可避免的需要”,也是一種意識形態的存在。因此,本研究結果可提供英語語言教育機構敦促性的建議,應將批判性語言意識納入教育課程,向語言學習者灌輸英語語言帝國主義的思想對於英語學習與教學之影響。未來後續研究可更深入應用自我民族誌研究, 加深加廣的來探討帝國主義對於個人在英語,甚至其他語言學習與教學之經歷與影響力。


    The glocalization of the English education system finds roots in the imperialistic dominance of language education worldwide. In previous autoethnographic research, authors narrated personal experiences as learners and teachers of English as a foreign language. This study aims to further convey experiences in multilocational and multicultural spaces of teaching and learning English as a foreign language, creating discourses on the imperialistic entailments of the capitalist English education system through the development of critical language awareness. Based on a review of socioeconomic and language education theoretical framework, this autoethnography aims to examine my epiphanies through narrative inquiry to provide qualitative data on learning and teaching English as a foreign language in Mexico, Brazil, South Korea, and Taiwan. The analysis of my epiphanies that elucidates the entailments of English linguistic imperialism shaped me as a critically aware learner without the desire to continue pursuing a career of teaching English as a foreign language. The results empirically demonstrate the negative consequences and irreverence of the capitalist English education system as an “inevitable need”, shared as an ideology. On this basis, an urged recommendation to international language education institutions is shared to integrate critical language awareness into the educational curriculum to indoctrinate language learners about English linguistic imperialism. Future research is suggested to approach autoethnographic studies and inquire about personal experiences with other potentially linguistic imperial languages.

    Acknowledgments i Abstract (Chinese) ii Abstract (English) iii Table of Contents iv List of Figures x List of Tables xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1-1 Background of Study 1 1-2 Motivation 5 1-3 Purpose of the Study and Research Questions 9 1-4 Thesis Structure 9 1-5 Definition of Terms 10 Chapter 2 Literature Review 12 2-1 The Influence of Postcolonial Studies on Language Learning 12 2-1-1 Postcolonial Criticism 12 2-1-2 From Postcolonial Studies to Imperialism 15 2-1-3 From Cultural Imperialism to Linguistic Imperialism 18 2-2-4 Linguistic Imperialism and Language Learning 20 2-1-5 Autoethnographies on Linguistic Imperialism 24 2-2 Critical Language Awareness, Linguistic Power, and Politics in English Education 30 2-2-1 Language Awareness 30 2-2-2 The Critical Approach to Language Awareness 32 2-2-3 Critical Language Awareness on the Linguistic Power of English 36 2-2-4 The Linguistic Power of Teaching English 38 2-3 Gap of the Literature Review 40 2-3-1 Situatedness: Point of View from a Non-Native Speaker of English in Non-Native English-Speaking Locations 41 2-3-2 Translocationality: Epiphanies Narrated in Translocational Settings 41 2-3-3 Multidisciplinarity: A Juxtaposition of Language Education and Linguistic Imperialism in an Autoethnographic Study 42 2-3-4 Empiricism: Narratives on Becoming a Critically Aware Learner of the English Language 42 2-4 Summary 43 Chapter 3 Methodology 48 3-1- Autoethnography as a Qualitative Research Method 48 3-1-1 The Qualitative Research Methodology 48 3-1-2 Ethnographies as Research Method 49 3-1-3 Autobiographies as Research Method 51 3-1-4 Narratives in Autoethnographic Studies 54 3-1-5 Autoethnography as a Qualitative Research Method in this Study 56 3-2 The Narrator 57 3-3 Data Collection 59 3-3-1 Collection 62 3-3-2 Screening 64 3-3-3 Sharing 64 3-3-4 Description 65 3-4 Data Analysis 66 3-4-1 Overall Structure of Narratives 67 3-4-2 NVivo: The Qualitative Analysis Tool 71 3-4-2-1 Transcription 75 3-4-2-2 Classifications 76 3-4-2-3 Coding 77 3-4-2-4 Matrixes 79 3-4-2-5 Mind Map 83 3-5 Summary 85 Chapter 4 Epiphanies 88 4-1 Mexico: Anchored 88 4-1-1 English makes me feel cool 88 4-1-2 You can see my English classes as an investment for my future 90 4-2 Brazil: Fair winds and following seas 92 4-2-1 Your English pronunciation is funny but cute 92 4-2-2 If I speak English, I will leave this city and go to a country with better opportunities 94 4-3 Quay 97 4-3-1 It is not that I like English, I just need it 97 4-3-2 Why do I need to learn another language, apart from English? 99 4-4 Capsize 102 4-4-1 No matter how good you are, we all have accents 102 4-4-2 It does not make sense to teach a language that is not yours 106 4-4-3 Why doesn’t she speak English in class? 107 4-4-4 Does he even know he is wrong? 110 4-4-5 I wish my parents were American 113 4-4-6 I hate English 116 4-4-7 Learning a language is fun, but learning for teaching that language is not that much 118 4-5 Summary 119 Chapter 5 Discussion 121 5-1 Answer to Research Question 1: How I Experienced English Linguistic Imperialism as a Learner and Teacher of the English Language 125 5-1-1 Epiphanies on English Linguistic Imperialism as Ideological 125 5-1-1-1 English Linguistic Imperialism as Ideological Differs by Location 126 5-1-1-1-1 English Linguistic Imperialism as Ideological in Third World Countries 126 5-1-1-1-2 English Linguistic Imperialism as Ideological in First World Countries 127 5-1-2 Epiphanies on English Linguistic Imperialism as a Form of Linguicism 128 5-1-2-1 English Linguistic Imperialism as a Form of Linguicism Is not an Antagonistic Model 129 5-1-2-2 Epiphanies on English Linguistic Imperialism as a Form of Linguicism Based on Individual Knowledge 129 5-1-2-3 Epiphanies on English Linguistic Imperialism as a Form of Linguicism Relates to Nationalities 130 5-1-3 Epiphanies on English Linguistic Imperialism as Hegemonic 131 5-1-3-1 English Linguistic Imperialism as Hegemonic Expands to Media, Social Relationships, Education, and Employment 131 5-1-3-2 English Linguistic Imperialism as Hegemonic in Media Evolves as a Desire 132 5-1-3-3 English Linguistic Imperialism as Hegemonic in Social Relationships Transforms into a Need 132 5-1-3-4 English Linguistic Imperialism as Hegemonic in Education Normalizes English as Lingua Franca 133 5-1-3-5 English Linguistic Imperialism in Employment Behaves as a Heterogeneous Hegemony 133 5-1-4 Epiphanies on English Linguistic Imperialism as Unequal 134 5-1-4-1 English Linguistic Imperialism as Unequal Is also About Exploitation 134 5-1-4-2 English Linguistic Imperialism as Unequal Acts as Capital 134 5-1-4-3 English Linguistic Imperialism as Unequal Promote Competitiveness 135 5-1-4-4 English Linguistic Imperialism as Unequal Is a Contradictory System 136 5-1-5 Epiphanies of English Linguistic Imperialism as Subtractive 136 5-1-5-1 English Linguistic Imperialism as Indirectly Subtractive 137 5-1-5-2 English Linguistic Imperialism is Subtractive as Glocalization 137 5-2 Answer to Research Question 2: How my Language Learning & Teaching Experiences Have Shaped Me as a Learner and Teacher of English as a Foreign Language 138 5-2-1 Epiphanies as a Learner 139 5-2-1-1 Epiphanies as a Non-Critically Aware Language Learner 139 5-2-1-2 Epiphanies as a Language Learner Becoming Critically Aware 141 5-2-2 Epiphanies as a Teacher 144 5-2-2-1 Epiphanies as a Language Teacher Becoming Critically Aware 145 5-2-2-2 Epiphanies as a Critically Aware Language Teacher 145 5-2-2-3 Realizations as a Critically Aware Language Teacher 147 5-3 Summary 150 5-3-1 My Experiences with English Linguistic Imperialism Were Entailed as Ideological, Linguicism, Hegemonic, Unequal, and Subtractive 151 5-3-1 Learning and Teaching English Shaped me as a Critically Aware Language Learner 152 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work 154 6-1 Conclusion 154 6-2 Pedagogical Implications 155 6-3 Limitations 158 6-4 Suggestions for Future Research 160 References 163 Appendix 177 Appendix 1 177 Appendix 2 178 Appendix 3 179 Appendix 4 180 Appendix 5 181 Appendix 6 182 Appendix 7 183 Appendix 8 184 Appendix 9 185 Appendix 10 186 Appendix 11 187 Appendix 12 188 Appendix 13 190

    Abbinnett, R. (2003). Culture and Identity: Critical Theories. London: Sage.
    Alcaraz Ariza, M. A., & Navarro, F., (2006). Medicine: Use of English, in Keith Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd ed.). Elsevier Ltd. pp. 752-759.
    Allen-Collinson, J. (2012). Autoethnography: Situating personal sporting narratives in socio-cultural contexts. In K. Young & M. Atkinson (Eds,). Qualitative research on sport and physical culture (pp. 191–212). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.
    Allen-Collinson, J. (2013). Autoethnography as the engagement of self/other, self/culture, self/politics, selves/futures, in S Holman-Jones, T E Adams & C Ellis (eds), Handbook of Autoethnography. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 281-299.
    Ambert, A. M., Adler, P. A., Adler, P., & Detzner, D. F. (1995). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 879-893.
    Andrews, M., Squire, C., & Tamboukou, M. (2013). Doing narrative research. Sage.
    Bauman, Z. (1998). Globalization The Human Consequences. Cambridge Polity Press.
    Bamgbose, A. (2006). Linguistics and Social Responsibility: The Challenges for the Nigerian linguist. Keynote Address Delivered at the 20th Annual Conference of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria at the Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council, Abuja, Nigeria.
    Barkhuizen, G., Benson, P., & Chik, A. (2013). Narrative Inquiry in Language Teaching and Learning Research (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.ntust.edu.tw/10.4324/9780203124994.
    Beja, M., (1916). Epiphany in the Modern Novel. London: Peter Owen, 1971., p. 48.
    Beyer, P. (2007). Globalization and glocalization. The Sage handbook of the sociology of religion, 98-117.
    Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
    Bilefsky, D. (2017). Quebec Tries to Say Au Revoir to ‘Hi,’ and Hello to ‘Bonjour’. New York Times.
    Bisong, J. (1995) Language choice and cultural imperialism: a Nigerian perspective. ELT Journal. 49(2): 122-132.
    Blair, C., Brown, J. R. & Baxter, L. A. (1994). Disciplining the feminine. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 80(4), 383-409.
    Bochner, A. P. (2002). Perspectives on inquiry III: The moral of stories. In Mark L. Knapp & John A. Daly (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal communication (3rd ed., pp.73-101). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Bochner, A. P., & Ellis, C. S. (2006). Communication as autoethnography. In G. J. Shepherd, J. St. John, & T. Striphas (Eds.), Communication as... Perspectives on theory (pp. 110–122). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Bold, C. (2011). Using narrative in research. Sage.
    Bochner, A. (2013). Putting meanings into motion (Vol. 50). Left Coast Press.
    Bolton, G. (2006). Narrative writing: reflective enquiry into professional practice. Educational Action Research, 14(2), 203-218.
    Brewer J. D. (2000). Ethnographic. Buckingham. Open University Press,
    Brooks, P. (1979). Fictions of the Wolfman: Freud and Narrative Understanding. Diacritics, 9 (1), 71–81.
    Brown, H. D. (1994). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
    Bruner, J. (1986). Actual Minds: Possible Worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    Bruner, E. M. (1993). Introduction: The ethnographic self and the personal self. In P. Benson (Ed.), Anthropology and literature (pp. 1-26).
    Caine, V., Estefan, A., & Clandinin, D. J. (2013). A return to methodological commitment: Reflections on narrative inquiry. The Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 57(6), 574–586.
    Canagarajah, A. S. (1999). Resisting linguistic imperialism in English teaching. Oxford University Press.
    Canagarajah, S., & Said, S. B. (2011). Linguistic imperialism. The Routledge handbook of applied linguistics, 388-400.
    Carrasquillo, A.L. (1994). Teaching English as a Second Language: A Resource Guide (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315047591
    Central Intelligence Agency. (2022). Languages. The World Factbook. Retrieved March 12, 2022, from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/languages/
    Chan, K. (2016, December 2). These are the most powerful languages in the world. WE Forum. Retrieved March 12, 2022, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/12/these-are-the-most-powerful-languages-in-the-world/
    Chandra, Y. & Shang, L. (2019). Computer-assisted qualitative research: An overview. Qualitative Research Using R: A Systematic Approach, 21-31.
    Chang, H. (2013). Individual and collaborative autoethnography as method: A social scientist’s perspective. In S. Holman-Jones, T. E. Adams & C. Ellis (Eds.), Handbook of autoethnography (pp. 107-122). Left Coast Press.
    Chang, H. (2008). Autoethnography as method. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
    Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publisher, 49-51, 98-115.
    Clark R., Fairclough N., Ivanič R. & Martin‐Jones M. (1990). Critical language awareness part I: A critical review of three current approaches to language awareness, Language and Education, 4:4, 249-260
    Clark R., Fairclough N., Ivanič R. & Martin‐Jones M. (1991) Critical language awareness part II: Towards critical alternatives, Language and Education, 5:1, 41-54, DOI: 10.1080/09500789109541298
    Colburn, F. D. (2020). Colonialism, Independence, and the Construction of Nation-states. Springer Nature.
    Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (2006). Narrative inquiry. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, P. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (3rd ed., pp. 477 - 487).
    Coté, J. (2009). Education and the colonial construction of whiteness. Australian Critical Race and Whiteness Studies Association e-journal, 5(1), 1-14.
    Crawford, L. (1996). Personal ethnography. Communication Monographs, 63, 158–170. doi:10.1080/03637759609376384
    Crystal, D. (2003). Why a global language? In English as a Global Language (pp. 1-28). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511486999.003.
    Culler, J. (1973). Structure of Ideology and Ideology of Structure. New Literary History, 4(3), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.2307/468530
    Custer, D. (2014). Autoethnography as a Transformative Research Method. The Qualitative Report, 19(37), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1011
    Czarniawska, B. (2004). The narrative turn in social studies. Narratives in social science research, 1-3. Sage.
    Denzin, N. K. (2001). Interpretive interactionism (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    Denzin, N. K. (2013). Interpretive autoethnography. Sage Publications.
    Dillon, M. (2003). Handbook of the Sociology of Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Doyle, M. W. (1986). Empires. Cornell University Press.
    Fisher, W. R. (1984). Narration as human communication paradigm: The case of public moral argument. Communication Monographs, 51(1), 1-22.
    Elam, H. J., Jr. (1997). Taking it to the streets: The social protest theater of Luis Valdez and Amiri Baraka. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
    Elliot, J. (2005). Using Narrative in Social Research. Qualitative and Quantitative approaches, 3, 48. London: Sage.
    Ellis, C., Adams, T. E. & Bochner, A. P. (2010). Autoethnography: An Overview [40 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 12(1), Art.10, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1101108.
    Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical language awareness. Routledge. London.
    Ferguson, N. (2004). Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power. Basic Books.
    Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research (4th ed.). Sage Publications Ltd. Abstract.
    Galtung, J. (1971). A structural theory of imperialism. Journal of peace research, 8(2), 81-117.
    Gobo, G., & Marciniak, L. T. (2011). Ethnography. Qualitative research, 3(1), 15-36.
    Graddol, D. (2006). English next (Vol. 62). London: British council.
    Gubrium, J. F., & Holstein, J. A. (2008). Narrative ethnography. Handbook of emergent methods, 241-264.
    Gullion, J. S. (2016) First, Second, or Third Person. In: Writing Ethnography. Teaching Writing. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-381-0_15
    Hall, E. T. (1959). The silent language.
    Hayano, D. (1979). Auto-ethnography: Paradigms, problems, and prospects. Human organization, 38(1), 99-104.
    Heigham, J., & Croker, R. A. (2009). Qualitative research in applied linguistics: A practical introduction. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire [England: Palgrave Macmillan.
    Hill, L. (2010). Language and status: On the limits of language planning. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, 39, 41-58.
    Holman-Jones, S. (2005). Autoethnography: Making the personal political. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 763–791). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
    Holman-Jones, S., Tony E. A., & Ellis C. (2013). Handbook of Autoethnography, 50–56. Left Coast Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
    Hoovler, D. G. (1975). Structural theories of imperialism. The Ohio State University.
    Hopkins, A. G, (2018). American Empire: A Global History. Princeton University Press, pp. 960.
    Horwitz, E. K. & Young, D. J. (1991). Language Anxiety from Theory and Research to Classroom Implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall.
    Jackson, K., & Bazeley P. (2019). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo, London, Sage, 3-5 & 54-55.
    Jee, Y. (2016). Critical perspectives of world Englishes on EFL teachers’ identity and employment in Korea: an autoethnography. Multicultural Education Review, 8(4), 240-252.
    Jenkins, J. (2013). English as a Lingua Franca in the International University: The Politics of Academic English Language Policy. 1st ed., Routledge.
    Jiang, W. (2000). The relationship between culture and language. ELT Journal. Oxford University Press 2000.
    Joyce, J. (1963). Stephen Hero. Ed. Theodore Spencer. New York: New Directions. p.21.
    Kachru, B. B. (1985). ‘Standards, Codification and Sociolinguistic Realism: The English Language in the Outer Circle’. In Quirk, R. & Widdowson, H. (eds.), English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 11-30.
    Kachru, B. B. (1986). The power and politics of English. World Englishes, 5(2-3), 121–140.
    Kachru, B. (1997). World Englishes and English-Using Communities. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 17, 66-87. doi:10.1017/S0267190500003287
    Kim, H. J. (2020). ‘Where are you from? Your English is so good’: a Korean female scholar's autoethnography of academic imperialism in US higher education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 33(5), 491-507.
    King, A. D. (2000). Postcolonialism, Representation, and the City. A Companion to the City, (261-269).
    Kolb, M. (2018). Peterson Institute for International Economics. What Is Globalization? And How Has the Global Economy Shaped the United States. https://www.piie.com/microsites/globalization/what-is-globalization
    Krashen, S. (1978). The Monitor Model for second language acquisition. In R. C. Gingras (ed.), Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching. Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics.
    Kuisel, Richard F., 'Anti-Americanism in Retreat: Jack Lang, Cultural Imperialism, and the Anti-Anti-Americans', The French Way: How France Embraced and Rejected American Values and Power (Princeton, NJ, 2011; online edn, Princeton Scholarship Online, 19 Oct. 2017), https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151816.003.0002, accessed 18 Aug. 2023.
    Labov, W. (1972). Language in the Inner-City Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 354-396.
    Labov, W., & Waletzky J. (1966). Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience of Narrative and Life Experience, Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, 32-41.
    Larsen, N. (2000). Imperialism, colonialism, postcolonialism. A companion to postcolonial studies, 23-52.
    Lazarus, N. (2004). Introducing postcolonial studies. The Cambridge companion to postcolonial literary studies, 1(5).
    Lee, S. T., (2016). Beyond Embracing a Multicompetent Self: An Autoethnography of A NNEST. MA TESOL Collection.
    Lei, J. L. (2015). An Autoethnography of an L2 English Learner in Taiwan: Where Is the End of the Tunnel? 英語教學期刊, 39(3), 61-78.
    Lenin, V. I. (1917). The tasks of the proletariat in the present revolution. Lenin’s Collected Works, 19-26.
    Levitt, T. (1983). The globalization of markets. Harvard Business Review, 61, 92–102. https://doi.org/3868164.
    Marx, K., Engels, F., in Arthur, C. J., & Marx, K. (1972). The German ideology. New York: International Publishers.
    Mayring, P. (2004). Qualitative content analysis. A companion to qualitative research, 1(2), 159-176.
    McNiff, K. (n.d.). Thematic analysis of interview data: 6 ways NVivo can help. QSR International. Retrieved February 11, 2022, from https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/resources/blog/thematic-analysis-of-interview-data-nvivo
    Merriam, S. B. (2002). Introduction to qualitative research. Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis, 1(1), 1-17.
    Mufwene, S. S. (2010). Globalization, global English, and world English(es): Myths and facts. The handbook of language and globalization.
    Murray, G. (2009). Narrative inquiry. Qualitative research in applied linguistics (pp. 45-65). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
    O’Regan, J. P. (2021). Global English and Political Economy. London: Routledge.
    Osterhammel, J., & Petersson, N. P. (2005). Globalization: A short history. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
    Paasi, A. (2015). Academic Capitalism and the Geopolitics of Knowledge. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Geography, edited by J. Agnew, A. Secor, V. Mamadouh, and J. Sharp, 509–523. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
    Palfreyman, D., & Tapper, T. (2016). The marketization of English higher education and the financing of tuition fees. London Review of Education, 14(1), 47–55. doi:10.18546/lre.14.1.06
    Pennycook, A. (2017). The cultural politics of English as an international language. Taylor & Francis.
    Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
    Phillipson, R. (2008). The linguistic imperialism of neoliberal empire, Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 5/1: 1–43.
    Phillipson, R. (2012). English: from British empire to corporate empire. ReasearchGate, Sociolinguistic Studies. doi:10.1558/sols.v5i3.441
    Phillipson, R. (2013) The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. 10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0718.pub2
    Phillipson, R., & Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1986). Linguicism Rules in Education, Parts 1-3. Roskilde: Roskilde University Centre, Institute VI, 687.
    Pinnegar, S. & Danes, J. G. (2007). Locating narrative inquiry historically: Thematics in the turn to narrative. In D. Jean Clandinin (Ed.), Handbook of narrative inquiry: Mapping a methodology, 3-34. Thousand Oaks, California. Sage.
    Polkinghorne, D. E. (1988). Narrative Knowing and the Human Sciences. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
    Poulos, C. N. (2008). Accidental ethnography: An inquiry into family secrecy. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc.
    Quirk, R. (1985). ‘The English Language in a Global Context’. In Quirk, R. & Widdowson, H. (eds.), English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-6.
    Raab, D. (2013). Transpersonal approaches to autoethnographic research and writing. The Qualitative Report, 18(42), 1-19. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR18/raab42.pdf
    Rauschenberger, E. (2003). It’s Only a Movie–Right? Deconstructing Cultural Imperialism. Mém. de maîtr. New York University.
    Rauth, R. K. (1988). The Myth of Cultural Imperialism. The Freeman, a publication of the Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., Nov. Vol. 38, No. 11.
    Riessman, C.K. (1993). Narrative Analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    Riessman C. K. (2007) Thematic analysis. Narrative methods for the human sciences Thousand Oaks. Sage; 53-76.
    Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage.
    Ritzer, G. (2003). Rethinking globalization: Glocalization/grobalization and something/nothing. Sociological theory, 21(3), 193-209.
    Robertson, R., (1992). Globalization: Social theory and global culture. London: Sage. Page 7.
    Robertson, R. (1995) Glocalization: Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity. In: Featherstone, M., Lash, S. & Robertson, R., (Eds.), Global Modernities, Sage Publications, London, 25-44.
    Rouncefield, M. (2011). Fieldwork, ethnography, and ethnomethodology. LSCITS Socio-Technical Systems Engineering Handbook. University of St Andrews, 44-48.
    Roussin, P. (2017). What is your narrative? Lessons from the narrative turn. Emerging Vectors of Narratology, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 383-404.
    Rowe, J. C. (2000). Literary culture and U.S imperialism: From the revolution to World War II. Oxford University Press.
    Rubdy, R., & Saraceni, M., (2006). English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. London: Continuum. (eds.)
    Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books. Print.
    Said, E. W. (1994). Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books.
    Saldaña, J. (2011). Fundamentals of qualitative research. Oxford University Press.
    Saxena, M., & Omoniyi, T. (2010). Contending with globalization in world Englishes, vol. 9, Multilingual Matters.
    Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Sharifian, F. (2010). Glocalization of English in world Englishes: An emerging variety among Persian speakers of English. In contending with globalisation in world Englishes, eds. Omoniyi, T. and Saxena, M. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
    Silverman, D. (2004) in Czarniawska, B. Narratives in social science research. Sage.
    Silverman, D. (2011) Interpreting Qualitative Data. SAGE, Los Angeles.
    Silverman, D. (2015). Interpreting qualitative data. Sage.
    Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistics: A resource book for students. Psychology Press, 114-116.
    Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1988). Multilingualism and the Education of Minority Children. In Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove & Cummins, Jim (eds).
    Smith, A. (1784) The Wealth of Nations. 3rd edn, vol. 2, p.443.
    Smith, B. (2017). Narrative inquiry and autoethnography. Handbook of physical cultural studies. In M. Silk, D. Andrews & H. Thorpe. London: Routledge.
    Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous species. New York: Zed Book.
    Smith, C. P. (2000). Content analysis and narrative analysis. Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology, 2000, 313-335.
    Solano‐Campos, A. (2014). The making of an international educator: Transnationalism and nonnativeness in English teaching and learning. Tesol Journal, 5(3), 412-443.
    Steger, M. B. (2017). Globalization: A very short introduction (Vol. 86). Oxford University Press.
    The University of Winnipeg (2022). Countries in which English language is a mandatory or an optional subject (interactive). Global English Education Policy. Retrieved March 12, 2022, from https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/global-english-education/countries-in-which-english-is-mandatory-or-optional-subject.html#:~:text=There%20are%2041%20countries%20(yellow,'foreign%20language'%20requirement)
    Thomas, W.I., & Znaniecki, F. (1919). The Polish Peasant in Europe and America: Monograph of an Immigrant Group. Volume 3. Boston: Richard G. Badger.
    Tomlinson, J. (1999). Globalization and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Tomlinson, J. (2001). Cultural imperialism: A critical introduction. A&C Black.
    Trahar, S. (2009). Beyond the story itself: Narrative inquiry and autoethnography in intercultural research in higher education. In Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research (Vol. 10, No. 1).
    Tsai, S. C., Hung, Y. F., & Liu, S. H. (2014). Narrative analysis: The method combined of Labov's narrative structure and metaphorical stories. Journal of Taiwan Counseling Psychology, 2 (1), 77-96.
    Tulloch, S., (ed.), (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of New Words: A Popular Guide to Words in the News. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Van, A. R. W. (1960). The rising American empire. Oxford: Blackwell
    Vasquez, B. A. (2013). Politico-economic influence and social outcome of English language among Filipinos: An autoethnography. University of the Visayas-Journal of Research, 7(1), 183-194.
    Wolf, Z. R. (2012). Ethnography: the method. PL Munhall (Ed.), Nursing research: A qualitative perspective, 285-338.
    Yankah, K. (1999). African Folk and the Challenges of a Global Lore. African Today. 46(2): 9-27.
    Yazan, B. (2019). An Autoethnography of a Language Teacher Educator. Teacher Education Quarterly, 46(3), 34-56.
    Young, R. J. (2016). Postcolonialism: An historical introduction. John Wiley & Sons.

    無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 2025/08/24 (校內網路)
    全文公開日期 2025/08/24 (校外網路)
    全文公開日期 2025/08/24 (國家圖書館:臺灣博碩士論文系統)
    QR CODE