Considering the escalating apprehensions regarding global warming, the pragmatic significance of developing carbon dioxide adsorbents and industrial processes for carbon dioxide capture becomes particularly pronounced. This study delves into the utilization of packed-bed columns for the adsorption of CO2 under ambient conditions (25oC and 101.3 kPa), employing polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified cylindrical zeolite as the adsorbent material. PEI modification can significantly improve the CO2 adsorption capacity and kinetics of zeolites. The research combines experimental investigation and modeling approaches to comprehensively understand the adsorption dynamics and performance of the modified zeolite. Packed-bed columns, commonly used in gas separation processes, are assessed for their effectiveness in capturing CO2, particularly under conditions representative of typical environmental settings. The experimental and modeling studies of CO2 adsorption in packed-bed columns using PEI-modified zeolites under ambient conditions are still limited. Hence, the findings of this research contribute valuable insights into the potential of PEI-modified zeolite in ambient CO2 capture applications within a packed-bed column configuration.
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) modification significantly improves the CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity of NaY cylindrical zeolites. The active sites introduced by PEI coatings enable CO2 capture through both chemisorption and physical adsorption mechanisms. These tailored modifications offer a promising avenue for enhancing the overall performance of NaY cylindrical zeolites as CO2 adsorbents. The experimental results showed that the PEI-modified zeolites exhibited superior CO2 adsorption performance compared to the original zeolites, the NaY cylindrical zeolites 10 (wt%) PEI-loading is the most efficient variant, exhibiting a commendable adsorption capacity of 6.122 mg/g. The increased CO2 adsorption capacity and faster adsorption kinetics of the PEI-modified zeolites were attributed to the strong interaction between CO2 molecules and the amine groups on the PEI molecules.
This study incorporates rigorous experimentation to gather empirical data on breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities, employing analysis and modeling techniques to simulate the dynamic behavior of the adsorption process within the packed bed. A thorough examination of various operational parameters, including initial CO2 concentration, packed bed height, gas flow rate, and sorbent state, is conducted to discern their respective influences on CO2 adsorption breakthrough curves and overall adsorption performance. A notable revelation is identifying optimal operational conditions conducive to dynamic CO2 capture performance, specifically an initial CO2 concentration of 1000 ppm, a packed bed height of 10 cm, and a gas flow rate of 100 mL/min.
The kinetic modeling results showed that the dynamic capture of CO2 on PEI-modified zeolites followed well-fitted by the Avrami fractional kinetic model. The kinetic parameters of CO2 adsorption on PEI-modified zeolites were obtained and correlated with the operating parameters. Within the array of breakthrough curve models assessed, the Yoon-Nelson model yielded the most favorable fit to the experimental data and displayed the least residual variance. This study also uses error functions for the analysis of the model. The amalgamation of diverse error functions and statistical approaches enabled a thorough and impartial evaluation of the models.
Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the CO2 adsorption performance of PEI-modified zeolites in packed-bed columns under ambient conditions. The kinetic model developed in this study can be used to predict the CO2 adsorption breakthrough curves of PEI-modified zeolites in packed-bed columns under different operating conditions. This information is useful for the design and operation of packed-bed columns for CO2 adsorption using PEI-modified zeolites.

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