Asphalt modifiers play a crucial role in improving certain characteristics of asphalt binder, while they can concurrently induce detrimental effects on other attributes. A pivotal concern is the potential occurrence of storage stability, which significantly impedes the chemical and rheological properties of modified asphalt binders, thereby diminishing pavement performance and longevity. To mitigate these challenges, composite modification, entailing the incorporation of multiple additives, has emerged as a promising solution. This study explores the potential of a nano-Al2O3 composite to address these challenges and enhance both asphalt binder and mixture performance. The investigation evaluates the impact of varying proportions of nano-Al2O3 composite on the physical and rheological properties, as well as high-temperature storage stability, of different asphalt binders, including neat AC20, polymer-modified (PMA), and CR-modified binders. This enhancement is evident through the observed reductions in penetration values, elevations in softening points, increases in viscosity, and improvements in storage stability. Furthermore, the study assesses the influence of nano-Al2O3 composite modification on resistance to permanent deformation, cracking, moisture damage, and abrasion resistance in dense-graded (DGA) and gap-graded (GAP) HMA mixtures. This comprehensive evaluation yields critical insights into the potential benefits of integrating nano-Al2O3 composites in asphalt mixtures. Nano-Al2O3 inclusions showed enhanced resistance against rutting, fatigue cracking, moisture damage, and abrasion in asphalt concrete. The ideal amounts of nano-Al2O3 needed for the best improvements vary depending on the base asphalt binder types, aggregate gradations, and types of distress. In parallel, the indirect tensile monotonic tests were assessed for the application of a balanced mix design (BMD). These tests simplify the implementation of BMD principles in asphalt mixture design and construction projects by advocating for the use of simple, reliable, efficient, and cost-effective tests. The findings suggest that adopting BMD, supported by indirect tensile monotonic tests, is feasible and holds significant promise in achieving more resilient and long-lasting pavements. However, it was necessary to evaluate the performance criteria based on local conditions and traffic considerations.

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