近年來，台灣營建業職災人數雖有下滑的趨勢，但重大職災死亡人數仍位於各行業之冠，過去我國職災死亡千人率雖優於韓國、新加坡，卻比日本、美國、加拿大及歐洲國家，差距甚大，還有努力進步之空間。工安為失敗工程重要項目之一，通常會損害工程價值或造成工程缺陷，可能導致財產損失，人身傷害甚至死亡的危險或狀況而使家庭破碎，造成企業有形損失，影響工程進度及成本損失。若能從過往事故發生的職災案例，分析其施工作業對工程影響較大，提出防止對策降低重大職災發生，為本研究探討的主要課題。
因此，本研究主要是蒐集我國105~96年營造業1,150件之重大職業災害死亡專案資料，並以職災類型及施工作業為依據，參考國內外文獻及我國勞動部職業安全衛生署資料進行分類，統計我國營造業重大死亡職災機率，應用專家問卷求得各作業因工安影響工期之嚴重度計算，再參考趕工工期計算法，創新提出此「工期延遲趕工計算法」。
本法是在考量因工安造成工期延遲的條件下，進行趕工工期計算，進而求得工程總成本最低之工期。步驟是將工安風險對工程進度之延遲衝擊進行網圖計算，並藉由改善工安所付出之成本如何最有效率降低停工所之延遲成本，得出投入改善成本所節省延遲所造成相關支出，並依照節省成本斜率大小進行排序，並依照網圖要徑上之節省成本斜率從大致小進行作業改善，將各改善天數之成本統計計算並製成成本曲線，找出最低改善成本之工期。因此，營造廠便能有效掌握施工作業之狀況與風險排序，以減少未來工程因工安風險對工程進度及成本之影響，為本研究之宗旨。

In recent years, although the number of occupational accidents in Taiwan’s construction industry has declined, the number of major occupational accident deaths is still the highest in all industries. Although the rate of deaths from occupational accidents in China was better than that of South Korea and Singapore, it was higher than that of Japan, the United States, Canada and European countries, the gap is very large, there is room for progress. Industrial safety is one of the important projects of failed projects, which usually damages the value of the project or causes engineering defects, may lead to property damage, personal injury or even the danger or condition of death and break the family, causing tangible losses to the enterprise, affecting project progress and cost losses. We can analyze the occupational disaster cases from past accidents, analyze their construction operations that have a greater impact on the project, and propose preventive measures. Low major occupational disaster occurrences are the main topics discussed in this study.
Therefore, this research mainly collects data on 1,150 deaths from major occupational disasters in Taiwan’s construction industry from 2007 to 2016. Based on the types of occupational disasters and construction operations, it is classified with reference to domestic and foreign literature and data from the Ministry of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration. , Calculate the probability of major deaths and occupational accidents in the construction industry in Taiwan, apply expert questionnaires to obtain the calculation of the severity of the construction period of each job due to work safety, and then refer to the calculation method of rushed construction period, innovatively proposed this“ The Method of Delay at Crash”.
This method takes into account the delays in the construction period due to work safety, and calculates the construction period of the project to achieve the lowest total cost of the project. The step is to calculate the impact of industrial safety risks on the delay of the project schedule and calculate the cost of improving industrial safety how to most effectively reduce the delay cost of stoppages, and obtain the related expenditures caused by the delays caused by the investment improvement costs. , And sort according to the cost-saving slope, and perform operation improvement from roughly the smallest cost-saving slope on the network diagram, calculate the cost of each improvement day and make a cost curve, and find the construction period with the lowest improvement cost. Therefore, the construction plant can effectively grasp the status and risk ranking of construction operations, so as to reduce the impact of future engineering safety risks on the progress and cost of the project. This is the purpose of this study.

參考文獻
[1]勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所，營造安全研究重要績效輯，105年9月
[2]林國正，營建職災施工架墜落原因及作業安全災害預防，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學營建工程系，2018。
[3]邢治宇、蘇慧倚，由職災數字統計分析談工安問題 /工業安全衛生月刊，2006.9。
[4]鄭慶武、林禎中，從營造業重大職災案例探討公共工程與民間工程之施工安全管理問題-工業安全衛生月刊，2012.年5月。
[5] John G. Everett , Peter B. Frank Jr., Costs of Accidents and Injuries to The Construction Industry, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
[6]陳姿穎，“建築工程風險與排程不確定性之探討”，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學營建工程系，2007
[7]勞動部職業安全衛生法，取自
https://laws.mol.gov.tw/FLAW/FLAWDAT0201.aspx?id=FL015013。
[8]勞動部-適用勞工安全衛生法事業單位職業災害統計。取自
https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/com/st0803.htm
[9]陳中明，“營建工程工安高職災因子之研究”，碩士論文，中華大學營建管理研
究所，2009
[10] Koningsveld, E. A. P. and VAN Der Molen, H. F., (1997) History and future of
ergonomics in building and construction. Ergonomics. 40(10),1025-1034.
[11] Chi, Chia-Fen and Wu, Meng-Lin (1997) Effects of age and occupation on occupational fatality rates, Safety Science. 27, 1-17.
[12] Cattledge, G.H., Schneiderman, A., Stanevich, R., Hendricks, S. and Greenwood, J. (1996) Nonfatal occupational fall injuries in the west Virginia construction industry. Accid. Anal. and Prev. 28, 655-663.
[13] Hoyos, C. G. and Zimolong, B. (1988) Occupational Safety and Accident Prevention— Behavioral Strategies and Methods , Elsevier , Amsterdam , pp 167.
[14] C.D. Reese, J.V. Eidson Handbook of OSHA construction safety and health
(2nd ed.), Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL (2006)。
[15] X. Huang, J. Hinze Analysis of construction worker fall accidents ASCE J Constr Eng Manage, 129 (3) (2003), pp. 262-271
[16] Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2002d). Industry at a glance: Overview, U.S. Department of Labor,Kalamazoo,Mich.(2002).
(http://www.bls.gov/iag/iaghome.htm)
[17] McVittie DJ，Fatalities and serious injuries Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.), 01 Apr 1995, 10(2):285-293
[18] Stig Winge, Eirik Albrechtsen, “Accident types and barrier failures in the construction industry”,Safety Science ,105 (2018) 158–166
[19]半澤正一，“建築失敗案例-結構體工程篇”，2002。
[20]半澤正一，“建築失敗案例-可信賴的現場管理”，2003。
[21] Henry Petroski,“To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure”, 2012。
[22] Mark D. Russell & Tim A. Jur ，“Engineering Analysis of Failure: A
Determination of Cause Method”，Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention volume 17, pages8–14(2017)。
[23]劉永宏、詹韋洺、曹徫傑，“108年安全工程（含機電防護防火防爆）過關寶典”，2019。
[24]行政院公共工程委員會，工程失敗案例資料-施工-建築
https://www.pcc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=098B457D83590D7F#
[25]王品渝，“台灣地區營造業墜落職業災害特性分析”，碩士論文，國立雲林科技大學營建工程系，2013。
[26]張世宏，“臺灣營造業重大職業災害防止對策之研究”，碩士論文，國立臺灣大學工學院土木工程學系，2013。
[27]曲晉興，“建立營造業勞工安全管理機制-降低職業災害之研究”，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程學系，2009。
[28]曹常成、邱馨瑩、高崇洋，“致災不安全行為分類與現況分析─以營造業重大職業災害為例-工業安全衛生月刊，2010。
[29]張庭彰，“重大職災暨營造業墜落職災之情境分析與預防措施”，博士論文，國立臺灣科技大學工業管理系，2003。
[30]林楨中，“運用模糊理論及影響圖於營造業重大災害風險之量化評估”，博士論文，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系，2010。
[31]江旺宗，“營造業墜落意外事件模式及相關勞安法規之探討”，碩士論文，國立高雄第一科技大學營建工程系，2007。
[32]趙敏慧，“營造業職災特性關聯性分析與知識庫建立之研究”，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2017。
[33]勞動部職業安全衛生署，107勞動檢查年報。
[34]勞動部職業安全衛生署，96~105重大職災實例摘要。
[35]風險評估技術指引。
[36]吳志鵬，“營造業施工安全衛生風險管理過程之研究”，碩士論文，國立台灣科技大學營建工程系，2010。
[37]MBA智庫百科-損失期望值法。取自
https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/
[38]林耀煌，營建工程施工規劃與管理控制，1989
[39]鄭振安，“營建工程趕工之案例研究”，碩士論文，工學院專班工程技術與管理學程，2007。
[40]高安祥，工程網狀圖原理解析，2011。
[41]林惠玲、陳正倉，應用統計學四版，雙葉書廊有限公司，2009。
[42]吳萬疆，“以作業基礎成本法計算”，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2007。
[43]行政院公共工程委員會，採購契約要項
http://lawweb.pcc.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000077
[44]陳王莉，“統包工程之風險應變管理與趕工權衡策略模型分析”，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，2019。
[45] Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2002d). Industry at a glance: Overview, U.S.
Department of Labor,Kalamazoo,Mich.(2002).