在人口快速增長的情況下提高農業生產力的迫切需求已造成肥料的倍增使用。肥料中的磷酸鹽 (Pi) 徑流會導致水源富營養化，並嚴重影響其周圍的生態系統。為了解決 Pi 積累問題，本研究探討磁性吸附劑的合成，即 Fe3O4/硫胺素 (FT) 和 FT-膨潤土 (FTB) 複合材料；開發一種用於磁性吸附劑合成的一步化學氧化、沉澱和功能化技術。接著進行物理化學定性以確定 Fe3O4 的形成，及硫胺素和膨潤土的成功摻入，並深入了解影響 FT-90 和 FTB 吸附性的因素。在 90°C 和 NH4OH: Fe 鹽: 硫胺素的摩爾比為 10:1:1 (FT-90) 下合成的 FT (FT-90) 產生的吸附劑在 60oC 下的最大吸附量為 280.954 mg/g，是未改性的 Fe3O4吸附劑的 1.21 倍。在與 FT-90 類似的條件下合成FTB，AAB 與 Fe 鹽的質量比為 0.33。 FTB 在 30oC 下對 Pi 去除的最大吸附容量為 460.385 mg/g，是 FT-90 的 2.07 倍。兩種吸附劑均顯示出與 Langmuir 和 Sips 模型的最佳擬合。 FT-90 和 FTB 的吸附熱力學表明兩種吸附劑的 Pi 吸附過程都是自發發生的，但它對 FT-90 以吸熱方式進行，對 FTB 以放熱方式進行。吸附後定性數據顯示，大表面積和硫胺素和膨潤土官能團的出現有助於提高其吸附去除 Pi 的能力。

The pressing demand to increase agricultural productivity amid the rapidly growing population has exponentially boosted fertilizers usage. Phosphate (Pi) runoff from fertilizers induces eutrophication in water sources and severely affects its surrounding ecosystems. To cope with Pi accumulation problem, this study reported the synthesis of magnetic adsorbents, namely Fe3O4/thiamine (FT) and FT-bentonite (FTB) composites. A one-step chemical oxidation, precipitation and functionalization technique for magnetic adsorbents synthesis was developed. Physicochemical characterizations were conducted to ensure the formation of Fe3O4, confirm the successful incorporation of thiamine as well as bentonite, and gain insight into the factors influencing the adsorptivity of FT-90 and FTB. The FT synthesized at 90C and a molar ratio NH4OH: Fe salt: thiamine of 10:1:1 (FT-90) produces an adsorbent with a maximum capacity of 280.954 mg/g at 60oC, which is 1.21-fold higher than the unmodified Fe3O4. Following that success, FTB was synthesized at similar conditions as FT-90 and with a mass ratio of AAB to Fe salt of 0.33. The FTB obtained has a maximum adsorption capacity for Pi removal of 460.385 mg/g at 30oC, which is 2.07-fold higher than the FT-90. Both adsorbents displayed the best fitting with Langmuir and Sips model. Adsorption thermodynamic of FT-90 and FTB indicate that Pi adsorption process happens spontaneously for both adsorbents, yet it proceeds in an endothermic manner for FT-90 and exothermic for FTB. Post-adsorption characterization data suggested that the large surface area and occurrence of thiamine and bentonite functional groups contribute to enhancing its adsorption capacity for Pi removal.

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