營建產業活動對於地球環境造成的環境負荷多樣且複雜，其中又以CO2排放影響最大，在過去數十年營建業主要決策皆以經濟成本為考量，並無環境保護之概念，然近年來各企業逐漸認知到，在追求獲利的同時，也必須兼顧建物生命週期對於環境的衝擊。因此本研究之目的主要為提供建築物生命週期CO2排放量評估系統及環境成本計算方法，以供決策者進行建築物施工初期環境風險評估及工法使用選擇依據。
本研究以一購物商場建築為例，假設其由不同比例的預鑄及場鑄工法建造，比較其CO2排放量於建築物生命週期從建材生產運輸階段至建築物拆除階段的差異。分析中，藉由化石燃料、電力及水資源耗用量等相關估計公式模擬建築物生命週期總CO2排放量信心區間範圍值，最後進行環境成本之推估。
根據本研究分析結果發現，若以建築物使用年限50年計算，排碳量平均值分別為全預鑄工法7100.79 kg-CO2/m2及場鑄工法7222.42 kg-CO2/m2，在環境成本方面，分別為0及0.61元/年-m2，若按照本案例規模為37411.72 m2進行計算則利用場鑄工法進行建築物施工的環境成本會比使用全預鑄工法每年多出將近22,821元，將其以現值法轉換則環境成本會比運用全預鑄工法多735,608元，因此運用全預鑄工法進行結構體施工是較符合環境成本效益。
本研究所建構之環境成本估算模式及流程亦可擴大應用在實務上其他構造類別或是其他不同施工法之建築及土木水利等相關工程，以管理科學進行環境影響程度的量化及評估。

The construction industry has a myriad of complex influences on the environment, most notable being the effect of CO2 emissions. Over the past decade, decisions in the construction industry have been based on economic costs, with no consideration for environmental protection. However, in the past few years, companies have slowly recognized the importance of the effects of building lifecycles on the environment in addition to the original focus of maximizing profit. Thus, in this study, we propose a CO2 emission evaluation system and an environmental cost calculation method for building lifecycles to provide a reference for policymakers when conducting primary environment risk evaluations for building construction.
For this study, we selected a shopping center building as an example to investigate the use of prefabrication and cast-in-place work at various ratios and compare the effects that CO2 emissions have on the building lifecycle from the production and transportation stage to the demolition stage. Fossil fuel, electricity, and water use were employed used to simulate the confidence interval range of CO2 emissions in building lifecycles. At the end of this study, we present an evaluation of environmental costs.
The analysis results show that if a building has an estimated usage limit of 50 years, its carbon dioxide emission rate will reach an average prefabrication rate of 7110.79kg-CO2/m2 and cast-in-place rate of 7222.42 kg-CO2/m2. Regarding environmental costs, the environmental costs of cast-in-place work is increased to exceed the prefabrication work by 0.61 dollars/yr-m2. For scale of 37411.72 m2, the environmental costs of cast-in-place work is exceed the prefabrication work by 22,821 dollars each year. For present value, cast-in-place work is exceed the prefabrication work by 735,608 dollars. Therefore, the prefabrication work for the construction of the structure is more in line the environmental cost-effectiveness. The environmental cost evaluation model and procedures proposed in this study can be applied to other building methods and related industries to evaluate their effects on the environment.

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