Rapid seismic assessment of structure after an earthquake can facilitate recovery of operation and therefore improve resilience of the structure. For the facility that plays key roles of rescuing or refuge centers (such as hospitals, power facilities etc.) or high-value facilities (such as high-tech factories, high-speed railway, etc.), immediate operation again right after disrupt of an earthquake for these structure is critical. This study is to establish a post-earthquake rapid seismic evaluation method. The method uses structural response and pushover analysis to estimates residual seismic capacity of building structures. This study also shows the feasibility of fusion method using Butterworth filter to vision-based displacement enhancement. The proposed method was verified using a steel frame structure damaged during simulated earthquakes on a shaking table. The results reveal that the fusion method can generate high accurate displacement signal from vision-based displacement and acceleration. According to the post-earthquake evaluation results, the stiffness of the structure was reduced significantly after the simulated earthquake excitation with peak ground acceleration PGA>200, despite the residual displacement was negligible. Comparing the estimated seismic capacity to experimental observation, the proposed post-earthquake rapid seismic capacity evaluation method underestimated seismic capacity of damaged structures in term of PGA. Moreover, the estimation of damaged level results based on inter-story drift ratio data, which was identified from fusion displacement data are seem reasonable. In conclusion, this study provides a promising procedure to speedy evaluate the health of an existing building structure after the earthquake. However, it is necessary to have further studies to improve the accuracy and to reduce uncertainty of the CSM

Rapid seismic assessment of structure after an earthquake can facilitate recovery of operation and therefore improve resilience of the structure. For the facility that plays key roles of rescuing or refuge centers (such as hospitals, power facilities etc.) or high-value facilities (such as high-tech factories, high-speed railway, etc.), immediate operation again right after disrupt of an earthquake for these structure is critical. This study is to establish a post-earthquake rapid seismic evaluation method. The method uses structural response and pushover analysis to estimates residual seismic capacity of building structures. This study also shows the feasibility of fusion method using Butterworth filter to vision-based displacement enhancement. The proposed method was verified using a steel frame structure damaged during simulated earthquakes on a shaking table. The results reveal that the fusion method can generate high accurate displacement signal from vision-based displacement and acceleration. According to the post-earthquake evaluation results, the stiffness of the structure was reduced significantly after the simulated earthquake excitation with peak ground acceleration PGA>200, despite the residual displacement was negligible. Comparing the estimated seismic capacity to experimental observation, the proposed post-earthquake rapid seismic capacity evaluation method underestimated seismic capacity of damaged structures in term of PGA. Moreover, the estimation of damaged level results based on inter-story drift ratio data, which was identified from fusion displacement data are seem reasonable. In conclusion, this study provides a promising procedure to speedy evaluate the health of an existing building structure after the earthquake. However, it is necessary to have further studies to improve the accuracy and to reduce uncertainty of the CSM

[1] J. Ruiz‐García and J. D. Aguilar, "Aftershock seismic assessment taking into account postmainshock residual drifts," Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 44, pp. 1391-1407, 2015.
[2] B. S. S. Council, "Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings," Report FEMA-356, Washington, DC, 2000.
[3] U. Yazgan and A. Dazio, "Post‐earthquake damage assessment using residual displacements," Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, vol. 41, pp. 1257-1276, 2012.
[4] N. R. Council, National earthquake resilience: Research, implementation, and outreach: National Academies Press, 2011.
[5] A. ATC, "40, Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings," Applied Technology Council, report ATC-40. Redwood City, 1996.
[6] A. S. S. R. S. Committee, "Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings (ASCE/SEI 41-06)," American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, 2007.
[7] F. E. M. Agency, "FEMA 273, NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings," ed, 1997.
[8] A. FEMA, "440, Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures," FEMA-440, Redwood City, 2005.
[9] Y. Sung, "Performance-Based Seismic Evaluation and Design of Bridges," Ph. D. Dissertation, 2003.
[10] Y.-C. Sung, W.-I. Liao, and W. P. Yen, "Performance-based concept on seismic evaluation of existing bridges," Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, vol. 8, pp. 127-135, 2009.
[11] F.-P. Hsiao, Y. Oktavianus, Y.-C. Ou, C.-H. Luu, and S.-J. Hwang, "A pushover seismic analysis and retrofitting method applied to low-rise RC school buildings," Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 18, pp. 311-324, 2015.
[12] Y. C. Sung, C. K. Su, C. W. Wu, and I. C. Tsai, "Performance‐based damage assessment of low‐rise reinforced concrete buildings," Journal of the Chinese institute of engineers, vol. 29, pp. 51-62, 2006.
[13] H. Yuqi, "A Study On Rapid Assessment of Seismic Capacity of Building Structures Using Structural Response," Master degree at National Taipei University of science and technology, 2016.
[14] D. Feng and M. Q. Feng, "Experimental validation of cost-effective vision-based structural health monitoring," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 88, pp. 199-211, 2017.
[15] J.-W. Park, D.-S. Moon, H. Yoon, F. Gomez, B. F. Spencer Jr, and J. R. Kim, "Visual-inertial displacement sensing using data fusion of vision-based displacement with acceleration," Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 25, p. e2122, 2018.
[16] M. Ulmi and G. S. o. Canada, Hazus-MH 2.1 Canada, User and Technical Manual: Earthquake Module: Natural Resources Canada, 2014.
[17] (2015). ImPro Stereo. Available: https://sites.google.com/site/improstereoen/
[18] J.-Y. Bouguet, "Camera calibration toolbox for Matlab. http," www. vision, caltech, edu, 2008.
[19] G. Bradski and A. Kaehler, Learning OpenCV: Computer vision with the OpenCV library: " O'Reilly Media, Inc.", 2008.
[20] D. Trapani, A. Maroni, E. Debiasi, and D. Zonta, "Uncertainty evaluation of after-earthquake damage detection strategy," in 2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems, EESMS 2015 - Proceedings, ed, 2015, pp. 125-130.