本論文應用以適應性濾波器(Adaptive Filter)為基礎的主動式噪音消除系統於通訊系統之噪音消除。主要目的是利用以LMS(Lest Mean Square)法則為基礎之適應性濾波器對生活環境中常聽見的穩態(Stationary)噪音做估測，利用波型合成原理，產生適當的反噪音訊號來與原使噪音訊號做破壞性干涉，而保留非穩態(Nonstationary)的語音訊號，試圖將通訊系統所收到語音之外的雜訊消除，以達到優良的通話品質。
而在系統實現上，以Nios II嵌入式處理器作為系統的運算核心，配合SOPC的概念，將系統整合於單一現場可程式邏輯閘陣列(FPGA)晶片中。

This thesis presents the design and application of an active noise controller, based on the adaptive filter theories, for communication systems. The main purpose is to eliminate outside stationary noises from the transmitting signal.
Based on the wave synthesis theory, the system detects the characteristics of the noise and generates anti-noise signal such that destruction interference can occurs to the original noise. The mostly nonstaionary speech signals are hence retained and enhanced. As a result, the overall signal quality can be improved.
For the realization of this system, a Nios II embedded processor as the system’s operation core. Through tests have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of this system. By taking the advantage of the System-On-Programmable-Chip (SOPC) technology, the system can be built on FPGA chips.

[1] Lueg, P., “Process of Silencing Sound Oscillations,” I.S. patent 2,043,416(1936)

[2] Widrow B., and Stearns, S. D., “Adaptive Signal Processing,” New Jersey: Prentice-Hall (1985)

[3] Widrow, B., Hoff, M. E., “Adaptive Switching Circuits,” IRE WESCON Conference Record, part 4, pp. 96-104 (1960)

[4] Burgess, J. C., “Active Adaptive Sound Control in a Duct: a Computer Simulation,” Acoustical Society of America, Journal, Vol. 70, pp. 715-726 (1981)

[5] Beranek, L. L., and Ver, I. L., Noise Vibration Control Engineering: principles and applications, New York: Wiley (1992)

[6] Widrow, B., and Stearns, S. D., “Adaptive Signal Processing,” New Jersey: Prentice-Hall (1985)

[7] Kwong R. H., and Johnston, E. W., “A variable step size KMS algorithm” IEEE Trans. signal Processing, Vol. 40, pp. 1633-1642 (1992)

[8] Haykin, S., Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002.

[9] Turbin, V., Gilloire, A. and Scalart, P. “Comparison of three post-filtering algorithms for residual acoustic echo reduction,” IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, pp. 307–310, 1997.

[10] 林俊成，“主動式噪音消除技術之研究”，國立台灣科技大學，台北(1998)

[11] 陳彬常，“應用SOC技術於主動式噪音消除系統之設計與製作”，國立台灣科技大學，台北(2006)

[12] 溫崧淵，“具主動式噪音消除控制之耳機麥克風通訊系統”，龍華科技大學，桃園(2008)

[13] 林宗文，“適應性濾波器於助聽器之應用”，國立成功大學(2001)

[14] 陳孝武，“應用適應性濾波器於通訊問題之背景噪音消除的研究”，逢甲大學(2005)

[15] Hwang, J. K., Variable Step-Size LMS Algorithm With a Gradient-Based Weighted Average, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 16, No. 12, pp. 1043-1046, (2009)

[16] K. Nakayama and S. Higashi, A. Hirano, “A Noise Spectral Estimation Method Based on VAD and Recursive Averaging Using New Adaptive Parameters for Non-Stationary Noise Environments,” 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, Bangkok, Thailand (2008)

[17] Terasic Technologies, “DE0_User_manual,” (2009)

[18] Altera, “Cyclone III Device Handbook, Volume 1,” (2008)

[19] Altera, “Quartus II Handbook Version 9.1, Volume 4: SOPC Builder,” (2009)

[20] Altera, “Embedded Design Handbook,” (2010)

[21] Altera, “Nios II Processor Reference Handbook,” (2009)

[22] Altera, “Quartus II Handbook Version 9.1, Volume 5: Embedded Peripherals,” (2009)

[23] Altera, “Nios II Software Developer’s Handbook,” (2009)

[24] 張智星，MATLAB程式設計及應用，清蔚科技，台北(2004)

[25] 廖裕評、陸瑞強，系統晶片設計-使用Nios II，全華圖書股份有限公司

[26] 林容益，FPGA數位IC及MCU/SOPC設計應用及實驗(VHDL, QUARTES II, NIOS II)進階，全華圖書股份有限公司