近年來消費意識的高漲，在競爭越來越激烈的銷售市場中，廠商為了增加其產品之銷售與利潤，常用的銷售手法之一即為產品保固，而保固服務也成了廠商與顧客之間重要的課題。保固內容的制定牽涉到了訂價策略，在此我們將探討可達到廠商最大利潤的最佳訂價策略及最佳重購優惠期。
產品在基本保固期內失效，廠商給予顧客免費的小修服務；在接續的重購優惠保固期失效，廠商則提供消費者重購產品的優惠，重購金額隨時間成線性遞增；若產品過了重購優惠保固期後失效，消費者重新購得產品的價格須全額負擔。而在基本保固期結束時，消費者可能會延遲置換產品，或是故意使產品失效而以極低甚至是免費的價格購得新品，為了降低此風險，因此本論文加入了重購產品的自付額，希望除了降低上述之風險更能夠增加其廠商的利潤。
本論文在上述的架構下，建構廠商的利潤模式，並加以分析在此利潤模式下之最佳產品價格及最佳PRP時間長度。利用數值範例的結果證明所求的決策過程，最後再以敏感度分析來了解各參數對於最佳決策與利潤的影響，盼做為未來廠商做決策時的參考資料及數值。

As consumer consciousness increases rapidly along with the evolution of the contemporary market, product warranty has become one of the major marketing tactics to increase sales volume and profit of many firms. Hence an increase of product warranty awareness should be adopted by manufacturers. As profit continues to strife amongst the equity market as the ultimate driver, one should learn the correlation between pricing mechanic policies and overall realization. For the illustrated reasons above, the latter part of this report will discuss in detail, the optimal pricing policy and pro rata warranty period (PRP)
In the base warranty period, manufacturers are liable to provide a repair service at no surcharges towards the consumer. On the other hand, in the pro rata warranty period, replacements are provided at a value in proportion to the overall operational time of the actual product. If, however, the fault occurred after the end of the warranty protection period, the consumer must then submit to the full cost of replacement. At the end of a base warranty period, consumers may purchase a new product at a reduced price or at times no cost at all. To seize the existing moral hazard and increase the revenue benchmark, we reinstated the partial reimbursement system.
Under the listed issues above, we analyzed the manufacturer’s profit model, the optimal product pricing policy and the ideal PRP length. The adopted methodology is first acquiring numerical evidence to prove the quality of the decision-making process. Furthermore to conduct a sensitivity analysis which indicates that the various parameters relevant to the superlative decision and profit analysis. With a hint of optimistic outlook, we suggest that this may create a referencing guide-line for manufacturer’s decision making process.

中文文獻：
葉瑞徽，2002，「產品保證對最佳維修策略之影響」，國科會研究計畫NSC-91-2213-E-011-019。
楊宗豫，1995，「保證策略之風險分析－不可維修產品的比較研究」，國立台灣工業技術學院管理技術研究所工業管理學程，碩士論文。
陳慶能，1995，「規範預防保養之保證策略分析」，台灣工業技術學院管理技術研究所工業管理學程，碩士論文。
林佩姿，2009，「就醫自付額對醫療利用和病患選擇就醫處所的影響-以高高屏地區門診氣喘病患為例」，高雄醫學大學臨床藥學研究所，碩士論文。
曾如慧，2009，「就醫自付額對醫療利用及就醫處所選擇之影響 – 以高高屏地區胃食道逆流患者為例」，高雄醫學大學臨床藥學研究所，碩士論文。
李筠瑩，2009，「就醫自付額對高高屏地區高血壓病患之醫療利用及就醫處所選擇的影響」，高雄醫學大學臨床藥學研究所，碩士論文。

英文文獻：
Barlow, R. E. and L. C. Hunter (1960) ”Optimun preventive maintenance policies,” Operations Research, 8, 90-100.
Berg, M. and B. Epstein (1978) “Comparison of age, block and failure replacement policies, ”IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 27-1, 25-29.
Blischke, W. R., and D. N. P. Murthy (1992) “Product warranty management-I:A taxonomy for warranty policies,” European Journal of Operational Research, 62(2), 127-148.
Blischke, W. R. and D. N.P. Murthy (1994) Warranty Cost Analysis, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Blischke, W. R. and E. M. Scheuer (1975) “Calculation of the cost of warranty policies as a function of estimated life distribution, ”Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 22-4, 681-696.
Block, H. W., W. S. Bordes, and T. H. Savits (1985) “Age Dependent Minimal Repair”, Journal of Applied Probability, 22, 370-385.
Boulding, W. and A. Kirmani (1993) “A consumers-side experimental examination of signaling theory: Do consumers perceive warranties as signals of quality?” Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 111-123.
Brown, M. and F. Proschan (1983) “Imperfect repair”, Journal of Applied Probability, 20, 851-859.
Chun, Y. H. (1992) “Optimal number of periodic preventive maintenance operations under warranty,“ Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 37, 223-224.
Dean, J. Prentice-Hall (1969) Englewood Cliffs,NJ. Managerial Economics.
Glickman, T. S. and P. D. Berger (1976) “Optimal price and protection period decisions for a product under warranty,” Management Science, 22, 1381-1390.
Heschel, M. S. (1971) “How much is a guarantee worth?” AIIE Transactions, 14-15.
Jack, N. and F. V. der D. Schouten (2000) “Optimal repair-replace strategies for a warranted product,” International Journal of Production Economics, 67, 95-100.
Mamer, J. W. (1982) ”Cost Analysis of Pro Rata and Free-Replacement Warranties,” Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 29, 345-356.
Matis, T. I., R.Jayaraman and A. Rangan (2008) “Optimal price and pro rata decisions for combined warranty policies withdifferent repair options,” IIE Transactions, 40:10, 984-991.
Monga, A. and M. J. Zuo (1998) “Optimal System Design Considering Maintenance and Warranty,” Computer and Operations Research, 25, 691-705.
Murthy, D. N. P. and I. Djamaludin (2002) “New product warranty: A literature review,” Internation Journal of Production Economics, 79, 231-260.
Murthy, D. N. P., and W. R. Blischke (1992) “Product warranty management ---II: an integrated framework for study,” European Journal of Operational Research, 62, 261-281.
Murthy, D. N. P., and W. R. Blischke (1992) “Product warranty management ---III: a review of mathematical models,” European Journal of Operational Research, 63(1), 1-34.
Nakagawa, T. and K. Yasui (1978) “Approximate calculation of block replacement with Weibull failure times,” IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 27-4, 268-271.
Nakagawwa, T. and M. Kowada (1983) “Analysis of a system with minimal repair and its application to replacement policy”, European Journal of Operational Research, 12, 176-182.
Nguyen, D. G. and D. N. P. Murthy (1984) “A general model for estimating warranty costs for repairable products,” IIE Transactions, 16-4, 379-386.
Nguyen, D. G. and D. N. P. Murthy (1988) “Optimal reliability allocation for products sold under warranty,” Engineering Optimization, 13, 35-45.
Nguyen, D. G. and D. N. P. Murthy (1989) “Optimal Replace-Repair Strategy for Servicing Products Sold under Warranty,” European Journal of Operational Research, 39, 206-212.
Polatoglu, H. and I. Sahin (1998) “Probability distribution of cost, revenue and profit over a warranty cycle,” European Journal of Operational Research, 108, 170-183.
Ritchken, P. H. and D. Fuh (1986) “Optimal Relacement Policies for Irreparable Warranted Items,” IEEE Transactions on Reliability, R-35, 621-623.
Shimp, T. A. and W. O. Bearden (1982) “Warranty and other extrinsic cue effects on consumers risk perception“, Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 38-46.
Sheu, S. H. (1990) “Periodic Replacement when Minimal Repair Costs Depend On the Age and the Number of Minimal Repair for a Multi-unt System,” Microelectron Reliability, 30-4, 713-718.
Tadikamalla, P. R. (1980) “Age replacement policies for Weibull failure time,” IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 29-1, 88-90.
Tilquin, C. and R. Cleroux (1975) “Periodic replacement with minimal repair at failure and general cost function,” Journal of Statistical Computer & Simulation, 4, 63-77.
Udell, J. G. and E. E. Anderson(1968) “The product warranty as an element of competitive strategy,” Journal of Marking, 32, 1-8.
Wiener, J. L. (1985)”Are warranties accurate signals of product reliability,” Journal of Consumer Reserch, 12, 245-250.
Yeh, R. H. and H. C. Lo (2001) “Optimal preventive-maintenance warranty policy for repairable products,” European Journal of Operational Research, 134, 59-69.
Yeh, R. H., G. C. Chen, and M. Y. Chen (2005) “Optimal Age-Replacement Policy for Non-repairable Products under Renewing Free-Replacement Warranty,” IEEE Transactions on Reliability.