木質纖維素在草酸水溶液與2-MTHF雙相溶液中經加熱至140℃可一步分餾出纖維素固體、半纖維素水解液及在有機相之木質素。分餾後所得的纖維素固體其酵素水解速率較低，以85％磷酸溶解再生、5 N NaOH澎潤、離子溶液溶解再生，皆可大幅提升其水解速率，其中以5 N NaOH澎潤3小時前處理最為簡單且經濟的方法。木質纖維素經分餾後可大幅提高固體中纖維素含量，經NaOH前處理後，以纖維酶Accellerase 1500 和酵母菌 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 進行同步糖化醱酵，經批次式饋料可得醱酵酒精濃度76.4 g/L。水相中之木糖則可再經高溫、酸催化脫水成為糠醛等有價值的化學品物質。有機相則可由蒸餾分開2-MTHF和木質素，回收利用2-MTHF。

One-pot fractionation of cellulose-pulp, soluble hemicelluloses sugars and lignin from waste bamboo chopstick was carried out at mild temperatures of 140℃ by using oxalic acid aqueous solution and a organic phase consisting of bio-based 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF). Lignin was enriched in the organic phase while most of hemicelluloses was depolymerized into xylose and existed in aqueous phase. The remaining solid phase (P) was mostly cellulose pulp. The cellulose content of the solid phase was enriched from 44％ to 73％(w/w) after fractionation. Several pretreatment methods such as IL dissolution, concentrated phosphoric acid dissolution, and NaOH mercerization were applied on P to enhance its enzymatic hydrolysis. NaOH mercerization at 50 oC for 3 h was demonstrated to be a facile pretreatment method which can make P to have similar hydrolysis rate and yield as compared with other methods. The spent NaOH solution can be easily separated from P and recycled for mercerization at least 3 times without affecting its hydrolysis rate and yield. Approximately, cellulose content of 20g/L of P can generate 15.4 g/L glucose after mercerization pretreatment.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was employed to study the adsorption behaviors of Accellerase-1500 on microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose-extracted from bamboo chopsticks through NaOH mercerization pretreatment (P+N). The P+N substrate demonstrated a superior cellulase binding capability to that of P and microcrystalline cellulose. Based on the SDS-PAGE cellulase binding analysis, SEM observation and XRD analysis, the enhanced hydrolysis of P after mercerization pretreatment could attribute to the disrupted crystal structure and increased surface area, which made the cellulose better accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was employed for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of P+N substrate for ethanol production. P+N substrate of 230g/L was employed for SSF and 76.4g /L of ethanol was obtained after 3 day with 82.5％cellulose conversion rate.

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